在JPanel实际上仅仅是一个容器，你可以把不同的元素在它（甚至其他JPanels）。因此，在您的情况下，我建议您为窗口使用一个大的JPanel某种主容器。这主要面板您指定一个Layout适合您的需要（这里是介绍了布局）。

在将布局设置为主面板后，您可以添加绘画面板和所需的其他JPanel（例如其中包含文本的面板）。

  JPanel mainPanel = new JPanel();
  mainPanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(mainPanel, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));

  JPanel paintPanel = new JPanel();
  JPanel textPanel = new JPanel();

  mainPanel.add(paintPanel);
  mainPanel.add(textPanel);

这只是一个垂直排列所有子面板（Y轴）的示例。因此，如果您希望在mainPanel的底部放置一些其他内容（例如一些图标或按钮），并应使用其他布局（例如水平布局）进行组织，则只需再次创建一个新的JPanel作为所有其他内容的容器并设置setLayout(new BoxLayout(mainPanel, BoxLayout.X_AXIS)。

正如您将发现的，布局非常僵化，可能很难为您的面板找到最佳布局。因此，不要放弃，请阅读介绍（上面的链接）并看图片–这就是我的方法：）

或者，您可以只使用NetBeans编写程序。在那里，您有一个非常简单的可视编辑器（拖放），可以创建各种Windows和Frames。（仅是事后理解代码有时会很棘手。）

编辑

既然有很多人对此问题感兴趣，所以我想提供一个完整的示例，说明如何布局JFrame使其看起来像OP想要的那样。

该类称为MyFrame，它扩展了JFrame的摆动

public class MyFrame extends javax.swing.JFrame{

    // these are the components we need.
    private final JSplitPane splitPane;  // split the window in top and bottom
    private final JPanel topPanel;       // container panel for the top
    private final JPanel bottomPanel;    // container panel for the bottom
    private final JScrollPane scrollPane; // makes the text scrollable
    private final JTextArea textArea;     // the text
    private final JPanel inputPanel;      // under the text a container for all the input elements
    private final JTextField textField;   // a textField for the text the user inputs
    private final JButton button;         // and a "send" button

    public MyFrame(){

        // first, lets create the containers:
        // the splitPane devides the window in two components (here: top and bottom)
        // users can then move the devider and decide how much of the top component
        // and how much of the bottom component they want to see.
        splitPane = new JSplitPane();

        topPanel = new JPanel();         // our top component
        bottomPanel = new JPanel();      // our bottom component

        // in our bottom panel we want the text area and the input components
        scrollPane = new JScrollPane();  // this scrollPane is used to make the text area scrollable
        textArea = new JTextArea();      // this text area will be put inside the scrollPane

        // the input components will be put in a separate panel
        inputPanel = new JPanel();
        textField = new JTextField();    // first the input field where the user can type his text
        button = new JButton("send");    // and a button at the right, to send the text

        // now lets define the default size of our window and its layout:
        setPreferredSize(new Dimension(400, 400));     // let's open the window with a default size of 400x400 pixels
        // the contentPane is the container that holds all our components
        getContentPane().setLayout(new GridLayout());  // the default GridLayout is like a grid with 1 column and 1 row,
        // we only add one element to the window itself
        getContentPane().add(splitPane);               // due to the GridLayout, our splitPane will now fill the whole window

        // let's configure our splitPane:
        splitPane.setOrientation(JSplitPane.VERTICAL_SPLIT);  // we want it to split the window verticaly
        splitPane.setDividerLocation(200);                    // the initial position of the divider is 200 (our window is 400 pixels high)
        splitPane.setTopComponent(topPanel);                  // at the top we want our "topPanel"
        splitPane.setBottomComponent(bottomPanel);            // and at the bottom we want our "bottomPanel"

        // our topPanel doesn't need anymore for this example. Whatever you want it to contain, you can add it here
        bottomPanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(bottomPanel, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS)); // BoxLayout.Y_AXIS will arrange the content vertically

        bottomPanel.add(scrollPane);                // first we add the scrollPane to the bottomPanel, so it is at the top
        scrollPane.setViewportView(textArea);       // the scrollPane should make the textArea scrollable, so we define the viewport
        bottomPanel.add(inputPanel);                // then we add the inputPanel to the bottomPanel, so it under the scrollPane / textArea

        // let's set the maximum size of the inputPanel, so it doesn't get too big when the user resizes the window
        inputPanel.setMaximumSize(new Dimension(Integer.MAX_VALUE, 75));     // we set the max height to 75 and the max width to (almost) unlimited
        inputPanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(inputPanel, BoxLayout.X_AXIS));   // X_Axis will arrange the content horizontally

        inputPanel.add(textField);        // left will be the textField
        inputPanel.add(button);           // and right the "send" button

        pack();   // calling pack() at the end, will ensure that every layout and size we just defined gets applied before the stuff becomes visible
    }

    public static void main(String args[]){
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable(){
            @Override
            public void run(){
                new MyFrame().setVisible(true);
            }
        });
    }
}

请注意，这仅是示例，并且有多种布局窗口的方法。这完全取决于您的需要以及您是否希望内容可调整大小/响应。另一个非常好的方法是GridBagLayout，它可以处理非常复杂的布局，但是学习起来也很复杂。