I know that we can achieve 100% abstraction in java with interfaces and partial abstraction with abstract classes.
In interview, interviewer asked me to tell any other way to achieve 100% abstraction except interfaces. Is there any other way?
One could use pure abstract classes with abstract methods only (no fields, no concrete methods).
Edit: Note that starting with the addition of default methods in Java 8, interfaces are no longer necessarily 100% abstract.
In the real world, abstract classes without fields (avoiding state distributed across the hierarchy) are probably more common than pure abstract classes.
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