Class terms in Dart

1. members: variables in class including instance variables, static variables, constructors, static methods, and instance methods.
   • members are: fields (non-static variables declared in a class, properties are the same as fields), methods
     (fields/properties are also often called attributes but I think this should avoided in web development because attributes usually refers HTML attributes).
   • variables are not considered members except when they are fields
   • I would not consider static fields (properties/functions) members in Dart (but I'm not sure about this too). They are sometimes referenced as class members or static members but in Dart the class is merely as a namespace and these variables functions don't act like members.
   • constructors are not members

2. properties: instance variables among members in a class and in an instance.
   • as far as I know are properties the same as fields. Often properties refers to getters/setters only but in Dart they are the same, at least at runtime (getters/setters are automatically created for all fields)
   • I'm not sure what you mean by class here. Class usually refers to statics (see above)
   • getters/setters (functions that can be accessed like fields) are usually seen as properties

3. fields: members except methods in a class.
   • I would only call instance variables fields and static variables static fields

4. variable: denoting the name of an instance initialized, or an instance not yet initialized but with class definition including dynamic.
   
   • variable is a declared identifier that refers a memory address no matter where (library, class, instance, function, method).
   • A not yet initialized variable refers no valid memory address ('null').

5. functions: all terms those can have more than zero parameters, including methods.
   • The number of parameters is not relevant.
   • Functions can be called using () or (arg1, arg2, ...)
   • Non-static functions in a class are usually called method not function.
   • Functions are outside a class at library level, or within a method or function (not sure whether static methods are referred as function or method in Dart).

void someFunction() => doSomething();
void someFunction(int a) { doSomething(); }

class A {
  void someMethod() {
    var anonymousFunction = () {
      doSomething();
    };

    anonymousFunction();
  }
}

6. methods: functions defined and declared in a class including constructors, static methods.
   • see above about static methods
   • constructors are not methods, constructors are constructors ;-)

7. objects: all the terms in Dart except conjunctions(if, while, for ...) and adjectives(static, final...)
   • only instances of a class are objects

var a = new A();

new A(); creates an instance of A. a refers an instance of a (object).

var x = 5;

creates an instance of int and x refers this instance (object).