Add multiple S3 lifecycle rules to S3 bucket with boto3

Of course using the AWS console it is possible to add multiple separate S3 lifecycle configurations on a bucket.

Every bucket has 1 lifecycle configuration, which can have up to 1000 rules. Your console may show something similar:

These are not different lifecycle configurations, they are different rules part of the same lifecycle configuration.

In the input for the put_bucket_lifecycle_configuration we can see that we can pass a list of rules, which can contain 1 ore many more (up to 1000) rules.

for folder_path in folder_paths:
    client = boto3.client('s3')
    response = client.put_bucket_lifecycle_configuration(
        Bucket=bucket_name,
        LifecycleConfiguration={
            'Rules': [
                {
                    'Expiration': {
                        'Days': expiration
                    },
                    'ID': id_rule_1,
                    'Filter': {
                        'Prefix': folder_path
                    },
                    'Status': 'Enabled'
                },
                {
                    'Expiration': {
                        'Days': expiration2
                    },
                    'ID': id_rule_2,
                    'Filter': {
                        'Prefix': folder_path2
                    },
                    'Status': 'Enabled'
                },
             ...
            ]
        }
    )

As the docs says, put_bucket_lifecycle_configuration "creates a new lifecycle configuration for the bucket or replaces an existing lifecycle configuration." If you want to update the lifecycle configuration, you have to use get_bucket_lifecycle_configuration to retrieve the existing rules, modify them and then use put_bucket_lifecycle_configuration to overwrite the existing configuration.