Procedure with assumed-shape dummy argument must have an explicit interface

Assumed shape dummy arguments (those with (:)) require explicit interface to the procedure to be available at the call site. That means the calling code must know how exactly the subroutine header looks like. See also Module calling an external procedure with implicit interface

That explicit interface can be provided in several ways

1. preferred - a module procedure

module procedures
  implicit none

contains

  function mysum(arr)

    real, dimension(:), intent(in) :: arr
    real :: mysum
    integer :: i,arrsize
    arrsize = size(arr)
    mysum=0.0
    do i=1,arrsize
        mysum=mysum+arr(i)
    enddo
  end function mysum
end module

program test
    use procedures

    implicit none
    !no mysum declared here, it comes from the module
    ...
end program

2. internal procedure - only for short simple procedures or if the procedure needs access to the host's variables. Because of the access to the host variables it is error-prone.

program test
    implicit none
    !no a_sum declared here, it is visible below contains
    ...    
contains

  function mysum(arr)

    !implicit none inherited from the program

    real, dimension(:), intent(in) :: arr
    real :: mysum
    integer :: i,arrsize
    arrsize = size(arr)
    mysum=0.0
    do i=1,arrsize
        mysum=mysum+arr(i)
    enddo
  end function mysum
end program

3. interface block - not recommended at all, you should have some particular reason to use it

function mysum(arr)
  ! removed to save space
end function mysum

program test
    implicit none

     interface
       function mysum(arr)
         real, dimension(:), intent(in) :: arr
         real :: mysum
       end function
     end interface

     !no mysum declared there
     !it is declared in the interface block
     ...
end program