Sql: Query returns column name instead of Value

Finally I as able to find a solution for your problem. It involves temp tables. Using temp tables excessively is not recommended but I could not figure out better solution than that.

Following is the ALTER TRIGGER script I created and it worked perfectly for my table.

ALTER TRIGGER [dbo].[afterUpdate_Project] ON [dbo].[Projects]
FOR UPDATE 
AS 
BEGIN

    SET NOCOUNT ON;

    DECLARE @ModifiedBy NVARCHAR(255) = (SELECT IsNULL(UserId,0) FROM inserted)

    DECLARE @queryForInserted NVARCHAR(255)
    DECLARE @queryForDeleted NVARCHAR(255)

    DECLARE @Name varchar(MAX)
    DECLARE my_Cursor CURSOR FOR 
    (
        SELECT C.name FROM sys.objects T
        INNER JOIN sys.columns C ON
        T.object_id = C.object_id
        WHERE T.name = 'Projects'
    )

    --Creating Temp table for storing single value for each of the column during iteration.
    IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#tmpInsertedSingleValue') IS NULL CREATE TABLE #tmpInsertedSingleValue(InsertedValue NVARCHAR(MAX))

    IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#tmpDeletedSingleValue') IS NULL CREATE TABLE #tmpDeletedSingleValue(DeletedValue NVARCHAR(MAX))

    --Creating temp tables and populating them with data from 'inserted' and 'deleted'
    SELECT TOP 1 * INTO #tmpInserted FROM inserted

    SELECT TOP 1 * INTO #tmpDeleted FROM deleted

    OPEN my_Cursor; 

    FETCH NEXT FROM my_Cursor into @Name;

        WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 
        BEGIN

            PRINT @Name

            -- Creating dynamic sql to select single column value from temp table.
            SET @queryForDeleted = 'SELECT ' + @Name + ' FROM #tmpDeleted'
            SET @queryForInserted = 'SELECT ' + @Name + ' FROM #tmpInserted'

            -- Executing dynamic sql to populabe single column value to other temp table.
            INSERT INTO #tmpDeletedSingleValue EXECUTE (@queryForDeleted)
            INSERT INTO #tmpInsertedSingleValue EXECUTE (@queryForInserted)

            -- Selecting single value in to variables.
            DECLARE @OldValue NVARCHAR(MAX) = (SELECT TOP 1 * FROM #tmpDeletedSingleValue)
            DECLARE @NewValue NVARCHAR(MAX) = (SELECT TOP 1 * FROM #tmpInsertedSingleValue)
            PRINT  @OldValue
            PRINT  @NewValue

            IF (@OldValue <> @NewValue)
            BEGIN
                INSERT INTO EntityHistory 
            VALUES (1, @Name, @OldValue, @NewValue, @ModifiedBy, GETDATE())
            END

            --Clearing SingleValue temp tables after every iteration
            DELETE FROM #tmpDeletedSingleValue
            DELETE FROM #tmpInsertedSingleValue

        FETCH NEXT FROM my_Cursor into @Name;
        END

    CLOSE my_Cursor; DEALLOCATE my_Cursor;
    -- Clearing temp tables after looping thru all the columns
    DELETE FROM #tmpDeleted
    DELETE FROM #tmpInserted
END

This should resolve your issue.