Eigentlich arbeite ich mit dem bekannten SVM-struct Projekt ( http://www.cs.cornell.edu/people/tj/svm_light/svm_struct.html ) auf Ubuntu 16.04. Ich habe die Anweisungen in http://www.cs.cornell.edu/people/tj/svm_light/svm_multiclass.html befolgt, um SVM-multiclass zu verwenden, den Quellcode heruntergeladen und make
. Beim Erstellen des Projekts sind mir jedoch einige Fehler begegnet:
$ make
cd svm_light; make svm_learn_hideo_noexe
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/parallels/CLionProjects/svm_multiclass/svm_light'
make[1]: Nothing to be done for 'svm_learn_hideo_noexe'.
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/parallels/CLionProjects/svm_multiclass/svm_light'
cd svm_struct; make svm_struct_noexe
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/parallels/CLionProjects/svm_multiclass/svm_struct'
make[1]: Nothing to be done for 'svm_struct_noexe'.
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/parallels/CLionProjects/svm_multiclass/svm_struct'
gcc -O3 -lm -Wall svm_struct/svm_struct_learn.o svm_struct_learn_custom.o svm_struct_api.o svm_light/svm_hideo.o svm_light/svm_learn.o svm_light/svm_common.o svm_struct/svm_struct_common.o svm_struct/svm_struct_main.o -o svm_multiclass_learn
svm_light/svm_learn.o: In function `estimate_sphere':
svm_learn.c:(.text+0x6e88): undefined reference to `sqrt'
svm_light/svm_learn.o: In function `estimate_r_delta':
svm_learn.c:(.text+0x7053): undefined reference to `sqrt'
svm_light/svm_learn.o: In function `estimate_r_delta_average':
svm_learn.c:(.text+0x7b04): undefined reference to `sqrt'
svm_light/svm_learn.o: In function `length_of_longest_document_vector':
svm_learn.c:(.text+0x7b86): undefined reference to `sqrt'
svm_light/svm_learn.o: In function `incorporate_unlabeled_examples':
svm_learn.c:(.text+0x89eb): undefined reference to `sqrt'
svm_light/svm_learn.o:svm_learn.c:(.text+0xc952): more undefined references to `sqrt' follow
svm_light/svm_common.o: In function `classify_example':
svm_common.c:(.text+0x38f): undefined reference to `tanh'
svm_common.c:(.text+0x42d): undefined reference to `exp'
svm_common.c:(.text+0x4a7): undefined reference to `pow'
svm_light/svm_common.o: In function `kernel':
svm_common.c:(.text+0x870): undefined reference to `tanh'
svm_common.c:(.text+0x90d): undefined reference to `exp'
svm_common.c:(.text+0x988): undefined reference to `pow'
svm_light/svm_common.o: In function `model_length_s':
svm_common.c:(.text+0x2c8d): undefined reference to `sqrt'
svm_light/svm_common.o: In function `model_length_n':
svm_common.c:(.text+0x2f5c): undefined reference to `sqrt'
svm_light/svm_common.o: In function `cholesky_matrix':
svm_common.c:(.text+0x3c6f): undefined reference to `sqrt'
svm_light/svm_common.o: In function `find_indep_subset_of_matrix':
svm_common.c:(.text+0x3f41): undefined reference to `sqrt'
svm_light/svm_common.o: In function `single_kernel':
svm_common.c:(.text+0xc0c): undefined reference to `tanh'
svm_common.c:(.text+0xc84): undefined reference to `pow'
svm_common.c:(.text+0xcfb): undefined reference to `exp'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:48: recipe for target 'svm_multiclass_learn' failed
make: *** [svm_multiclass_learn] Error 1
Ich denke, das Makefile hat schon enthalten -lm
.
# Makefile for SVM-multiclass, 03.07.04
#Use the following to compile under unix or cygwin
CC = gcc
LD = gcc
#Call 'make' using the following line to make CYGWIN produce stand-alone Windows executables
# make 'SFLAGS=-mno-cygwin'
CFLAGS = $(SFLAGS) -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -ffast-math -Wall
LDFLAGS = $(SFLAGS) -O3 -lm -Wall
#CFLAGS = $(SFLAGS) -pg -Wall
#LDFLAGS = $(SFLAGS) -pg -lm -Wall
all: svm_multiclass_learn svm_multiclass_classify
.PHONY: clean
clean: svm_light_clean svm_struct_clean
rm -f *.o *.tcov *.d core gmon.out *.stackdump
#-----------------------#
#---- SVM-light ----#
#-----------------------#
svm_light_hideo_noexe:
cd svm_light; make svm_learn_hideo_noexe
svm_light_clean:
cd svm_light; make clean
#----------------------#
#---- STRUCT SVM ----#
#----------------------#
svm_struct_noexe:
cd svm_struct; make svm_struct_noexe
svm_struct_clean:
cd svm_struct; make clean
#-------------------------#
#---- SVM MULTICLASS ----#
#-------------------------#
svm_multiclass_classify: svm_light_hideo_noexe svm_struct_noexe svm_struct_api.o svm_struct/svm_struct_classify.o svm_struct/svm_struct_common.o svm_struct/svm_struct_main.o
$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) svm_struct_api.o svm_struct/svm_struct_classify.o svm_light/svm_common.o svm_struct/svm_struct_common.o -o svm_multiclass_classify $(LIBS)
svm_multiclass_learn: svm_light_hideo_noexe svm_struct_noexe svm_struct_api.o svm_struct_learn_custom.o svm_struct/svm_struct_learn.o svm_struct/svm_struct_common.o svm_struct/svm_struct_main.o
$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) svm_struct/svm_struct_learn.o svm_struct_learn_custom.o svm_struct_api.o svm_light/svm_hideo.o svm_light/svm_learn.o svm_light/svm_common.o svm_struct/svm_struct_common.o svm_struct/svm_struct_main.o -o svm_multiclass_learn $(LIBS)
svm_struct_api.o: svm_struct_api.c svm_struct_api.h svm_struct_api_types.h svm_struct/svm_struct_common.h
$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) svm_struct_api.c -o svm_struct_api.o
svm_struct_learn_custom.o: svm_struct_learn_custom.c svm_struct_api.h svm_light/svm_common.h svm_struct_api_types.h svm_struct/svm_struct_common.h
$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) svm_struct_learn_custom.c -o svm_struct_learn_custom.o
Der Linker sammelt zuerst Abhängigkeiten ( svm_light/svm_learn.o
) und füllt sie aus, wenn er eine Definition sieht ( -lm
).
Du scheinst bereits ein $(LIBS)
am Ende deines ld
Aufrufs zu haben, also einfach:
LIBS += -lm
sollte es beheben.
Weitere Tipps:
cd X; make TARGET
durchmake -C X TARGET
$@
und die erste Voraussetzung in der Abhängigkeitsliste als verweisen $<
, sodass Ihre letzte Regel wie folgt geschrieben werden kann:svm_struct_learn_custom.o: svm_struct_learn_custom.c svm_struct_api.h svm_light/svm_common.h svm_struct_api_types.h svm_struct/svm_struct_common.h
$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@
wo die Rezept-Neudefinition des eingebauten Rezepts zum Kompilieren von .c-Dateien, so reicht es, einfach die Header als (zusätzliche) Voraussetzungen aufzulisten:
svm_struct_learn_custom.o: svm_struct_api.h svm_light/svm_common.h svm_struct_api_types.h svm_struct/svm_struct_common.h
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Lass mich ein paar Worte sagen