如何在'find'的'-exec'属性中使用'if'?

v010dya

我有一个包含许多对文件的目录。每个非文本文件都有一个文本描述伙伴。例如,目录如下所示:

a.jpg
a.jpg.text
b.ogv
b.ogv.text
cd ef.JpG
cd ef.JpG.text

我想确认没有松散的文本文件(某些内容的描述文件已被删除)。因此,我尝试执行以下操作:

find . -name '*.text' -exec if [ ! -f `basename -s .text {}` ]; then echo {}; fi \;

但是,现在我得到一个错误:

bash: syntax error near unexpected token `then'
拉杜·拉迪亚努(RaduRădeanu)

你就不能使用if内部的的-exec行动find命令,你不妨方式。这是由于以下原因:

  • -exec动作需要一个命令这是来自man find(我终端中第697行的某个位置):
    -exec command ;
          Execute  command;  true  if 0 status is returned.  All following
          arguments to find are taken to be arguments to the command until
          an  argument  consisting of `;' is encountered.  The string `{}'
          is replaced by the current file name being processed  everywhere
          it occurs in the arguments to the command, not just in arguments
          where it is alone, as in some versions of find.  Both  of  these
          constructions might need to be escaped (with a `\') or quoted to
          protect them from expansion by the shell.  See the EXAMPLES sec‐
          tion for examples of the use of the -exec option.  The specified
          command is run once for each matched file.  The command is  exe‐
          cuted  in  the starting directory.   There are unavoidable secu‐
          rity problems surrounding use of the -exec  action;  you  should
          use the -execdir option instead.

    -exec command {} +
          This  variant  of the -exec action runs the specified command on
          the selected files, but the command line is built  by  appending
          each  selected file name at the end; the total number of invoca‐
          tions of the command will  be  much  less  than  the  number  of
          matched  files.   The command line is built in much the same way
          that xargs builds its command lines.  Only one instance of  `{}'
          is  allowed  within the command.  The command is executed in the
          starting directory.
  • if不是命令你垫认为,但外壳的关键字请参阅type if命令的输出

现在,来完成你想要什么,你不是真的需要使用if里面的-exec只需在中进行测试-exec,然后使用-printman find有关更多信息,请参见):

find . -name '*.text' -exec $SHELL -c '[ ! -f ${1%.*} ]' $SHELL '{}' ';' -print

另一种方法是使用bash脚本,如下所示:

find . -name '*.text' -exec my_if {} \;

cat ~/bin/my_if在我的情况下给出以下输出:

#!/bin/bash
if [ ! -f $(basename -s .text "$1") ]; then echo "$1"; fi

最后,我认为所有使用bash的普通人都会使用:

for f in *.text; do if [ ! -f $(basename -s .text "$f") ]; then echo "$f"; fi; done

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