如何将这样的值列表转换为带有列之外的数据框？

您可以尝试以下方法：

import pandas as pd

res = [['ID'],
 ['243'],
 ['Name'],
 ['ABC'],
 ['PMID'],
 ['--NA--'],
 ['Source'],
 ['ABC'],
 ['Family'],
 ['XYZ'],
 ['Value'],
 ['45'],
 ['Weight'],
 ['200'],
 ['ID'],
 ['246'],
 ['Name'],
 ['PaS'],
 ['PMID'],
 ['--NA--'],
 ['Source'],
 ['APM'],
 ['Family'],
 ['Lau'],
 ['Value'],
 ['120'],
 ['Weight'],
 ['856']]

dfi = pd.DataFrame(np.array(res).reshape(-1,2))
grp = (dfi[0] == 'ID').cumsum()
dfi.set_index([grp, 0])[1].unstack()

输出：

0 Family   ID Name    PMID Source Value Weight
0                                             
1    XYZ  243  ABC  --NA--    ABC    45    200
2    Lau  246  PaS  --NA--    APM   120    856