带有嵌套x变量的两行的轴标签（年份低于月份）

帕特里克·T：

我想在横轴上显示月份（缩写形式），并将相应的年份打印一次。我知道如何显示月份年份：

一年中不必要的重复会打乱标签。相反，我想要这样的东西：

除了年份将在月份下方打印。

我在轴标签上方打印了年份，因为这是我能做的最好的事情。这是对annotate()功能的限制，如果该功能位于绘图区域之外，则会受到限制。我知道基于的可能解决方法annotate_custom()，但是我无法使它们与日期对象一起使用（我没有尝试将日期转换为数字并再次返回到日期，因为它看起来比希望的要复杂得多）

我想知道是否dup_axis()可以为此目的劫持新产品。如果可以将重复的轴发送到面板的另一侧，而不是将重复的轴发送到面板的另一侧，则可能只需要设置一个panel.grid.major消隐的轴并将标签设置为%b，另一个轴将被panel.grid.minor消隐，标签设置为%Y。（另一个挑战是，年份标签将转移到10月而不是1月）

这些问题是相关的。但是，据我所知，该annotate_custom()功能textGrob()与日期不能很好地配合使用。

我如何在ggplot2中的x轴下方添加注释

在ggplot2生成的情节下面显示文本

数据和基本代码如下：

    library("ggplot2")
    library("scales")
    ggplot(data = df, aes(x = Date, y = value)) + geom_line() +
        scale_x_date(date_breaks = "2 month", date_minor_breaks = "1 month", labels = date_format("%b %Y")) +
        xlab(NULL)

    ggplot(data = df, aes(x = Date, y = value)) + geom_line() +
        scale_x_date(date_minor_breaks = "2 month", labels = date_format("%b")) +   
        annotate(geom = "text", x = as.Date("1719-10-01"), y = 0, label = "1719") +
        annotate(geom = "text", x = as.Date("1720-10-01"), y = 0, label = "1720") +
        xlab(NULL)


    # data
    df <- structure(list(Date = structure(c(-91455, -91454, -91453, -91452, 
    -91451, -91450, -91448, -91447, -91446, -91445, -91444, -91443, 
    -91441, -91440, -91439, -91438, -91437, -91436, -91434, -91433, 
    -91431, -91430, -91429, -91427, -91426, -91425, -91424, -91423, 
    -91422, -91420, -91419, -91418, -91417, -91416, -91415, -91413, 
    -91412, -91411, -91410, -91409, -91408, -91406, -91405, -91404, 
    -91403, -91402, -91401, -91399, -91398, -91397, -91396, -91395, 
    -91394, -91392, -91391, -91390, -91389, -91388, -91387, -91385, 
    -91384, -91382, -91381, -91380, -91379, -91377, -91376, -91375, 
    -91374, -91373, -91372, -91371, -91370, -91369, -91368, -91367, 
    -91366, -91364, -91363, -91362, -91361, -91360, -91359, -91357, 
    -91356, -91355, -91354, -91353, -91352, -91350, -91349, -91348, 
    -91347, -91346, -91345, -91343, -91342, -91341, -91340, -91339, 
    -91338, -91336, -91335, -91334, -91333, -91332, -91331, -91329, 
    -91328, -91327, -91326, -91325, -91324, -91322, -91321, -91320, 
    -91319, -91315, -91314, -91313, -91312, -91311, -91310, -91308, 
    -91307, -91306, -91305, -91304, -91303, -91301, -91300, -91299, 
    -91298, -91297, -91296, -91294, -91293, -91292, -91291, -91290, 
    -91289, -91287, -91286, -91285, -91284, -91283, -91282, -91280, 
    -91279, -91278, -91277, -91276, -91275, -91273, -91272, -91271, 
    -91270, -91269, -91268, -91266, -91265, -91264, -91263, -91262, 
    -91261, -91259, -91258, -91257, -91256, -91255, -91254, -91252, 
    -91251, -91250, -91249, -91248, -91247, -91245, -91244, -91243, 
    -91242, -91241, -91240, -91238, -91237, -91236, -91235, -91234, 
    -91233, -91231, -91230, -91229, -91228, -91227, -91226, -91224, 
    -91223, -91222, -91221, -91220, -91219, -91217, -91216, -91215, 
    -91214, -91213, -91212, -91210, -91209, -91208, -91207, -91205, 
    -91201, -91200, -91199, -91198, -91196, -91195, -91194, -91193, 
    -91192, -91191, -91189, -91188, -91187, -91186, -91185, -91184, 
    -91182, -91181, -91180, -91179, -91178, -91177, -91175, -91174, 
    -91173, -91172, -91171, -91170, -91168, -91167, -91166, -91165, 
    -91164, -91163, -91161, -91160, -91159, -91158, -91157, -91156, 
    -91154, -91153, -91152, -91151, -91150, -91149, -91147, -91146, 
    -91145, -91144, -91143, -91142, -91140, -91139, -91138, -91131, 
    -91130, -91129, -91128, -91126, -91125, -91124, -91123, -91122, 
    -91121, -91119, -91118, -91117, -91116, -91115, -91114, -91112, 
    -91111, -91110, -91109, -91108, -91107, -91104, -91103, -91102, 
    -91101, -91100, -91099, -91097, -91096, -91095, -91094, -91093, 
    -91091, -91090, -91089, -91088, -91087, -91086, -91084, -91083, 
    -91082, -91081, -91080, -91079, -91077, -91076, -91075, -91074, 
    -91073, -91072, -91070, -91069, -91068, -91065, -91063, -91062, 
    -91061, -91060, -91059, -91058, -91056, -91055, -91054, -91053, 
    -91052, -91051, -91049, -91048, -91047, -91046, -91045, -91044, 
    -91042, -91041, -91040, -91039, -91038, -91037, -91035, -91034, 
    -91033, -91032, -91031, -91030, -91028, -91027, -91026, -91025, 
    -91024, -91023, -91021, -91020, -91019, -91018, -91017, -91016, 
    -91014, -91013, -91012, -91011, -91010, -91009, -91007, -91006, 
    -91005, -91004, -91003, -91002, -91000, -90999, -90998, -90997, 
    -90996, -90995, -90993, -90992, -90991, -90990, -90989, -90988, 
    -90986, -90985, -90984, -90983, -90982), class = "Date"), value = c(113, 
    113, 113, 113, 114, 114, 114, 115, 115, 115, 116, 116, 116, 116, 
    117, 117, 117, 117, 116, 117, 116, 116, 116, 117, 117, 117, 117, 
    117, 117, 117, 116, 117, 116, 116, 116, 117, 117, 117, 117, 117, 
    117, 117, 116, 116, 117, 117, 117, 117, 117, 117, 117, 117, 117, 
    117, 117, 118, 118, 118, 118, 117, 118, 117, 117, 117, 117, 117, 
    117, 118, 116, 116, 116, 116, 116, 116, 116, 117, 117, 118, 118, 
    118, 118, 118, 119, 120, 120, 119, 119, 120, 120, 121, 121, 122, 
    124, 124, 122, 123, 124, 123, 123, 123, 123, 123, 124, 124, 126, 
    126, 126, 126, 126, 125, 125, 126, 127, 126, 126, 125, 126, 126, 
    126, 128, 128, 128, 130, 133, 131, 133, 134, 134, 134, 136, 136, 
    136, 135, 135, 135, 136, 136, 136, 136, 135, 135, 135, 135, 130, 
    129, 129, 130, 131, 136, 138, 155, 157, 161, 170, 174, 168, 165, 
    169, 171, 181, 184, 182, 179, 181, 179, 175, 177, 177, 174, 170, 
    174, 173, 178, 173, 178, 179, 182, 184, 184, 180, 181, 182, 182, 
    184, 184, 188, 195, 198, 220, 255, 275, 350, 310, 315, 320, 320, 
    316, 300, 310, 310, 320, 317, 313, 312, 310, 297, 285, 285, 286, 
    288, 315, 328, 338, 344, 345, 352, 352, 342, 335, 343, 340, 342, 
    339, 337, 336, 336, 342, 347, 352, 352, 351, 352, 352, 351, 352, 
    352, 355, 375, 400, 452, 487, 476, 475, 473, 485, 500, 530, 595, 
    720, 720, 770, 750, 770, 750, 735, 740, 745, 735, 700, 700, 750, 
    760, 755, 755, 760, 760, 765, 950, 950, 950, 875, 875, 875, 880, 
    880, 880, 900, 900, 900, 880, 880, 890, 895, 890, 880, 870, 870, 
    870, 870, 870, 860, 860, 860, 860, 850, 840, 810, 820, 810, 810, 
    805, 810, 805, 820, 815, 820, 805, 790, 800, 780, 760, 765, 750, 
    740, 820, 810, 800, 800, 775, 750, 810, 750, 740, 700, 705, 660, 
    630, 640, 595, 590, 570, 565, 535, 440, 400, 410, 400, 405, 390, 
    370, 300, 300, 180, 200, 310, 290, 260, 260, 275, 260, 270, 265, 
    255, 250, 210, 210, 200, 195, 210, 215, 240, 240, 220, 220, 220, 
    220, 210, 212, 208, 220, 210, 212, 208, 220, 215, 220, 214, 214, 
    213, 212, 210, 210, 195, 195, 160, 160, 175, 205, 210, 208, 197, 
    181, 185)), .Names = c("Date", "value"), row.names = c(NA, 393L
    ), class = "data.frame")

eipi10：

下面的代码为添加年份标签提供了两种可能的选择。

选项1a：构面

您可以使用构面来标记年份。例如：

library(ggplot2)
library(lubridate)

ggplot(df, aes(Date, value)) +
  geom_line() +
  scale_x_date(date_labels="%b", date_breaks="month", expand=c(0,0)) +
  facet_grid(~ year(Date), space="free_x", scales="free_x", switch="x") +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(strip.placement = "outside",
        strip.background = element_rect(fill=NA,colour="grey50"),
        panel.spacing=unit(0,"cm"))

请注意，采用这种方法时，如果在年初或年底缺少日期（通过“丢失”，我的意思是这些日期的行甚至没有出现在数据中），则x轴将开始于/结束于该年数据中的第一个/最后一个日期，而不是从1月1日到12月31日。在这种情况下，您需要为缺少的日期添加行，并NA为value或插值value。此外，使用这种方法，在一年的12月31日到次年的1月1日之间没有空格或线条，因此每年都存在不连续性。

选项1b：构面+居中月份标签

To address @AF7's comment. You can center the month labels by adding some spaces before each label. But you have to choose the number of spaces manually, depending on the physical size of the plot when you print it to a device. (There's probably a way to center the labels programmatically based on the internal grob measurements, but I'm not sure how to do it.) I've also removed the minor vertical gridlines and lightened the line between years.

ggplot(df, aes(Date, value)) +
  geom_line() +
  scale_x_date(date_labels=paste(c(rep(" ",11), "%b"), collapse=""), 
               date_breaks="month", expand=c(0,0)) +
  facet_grid(~ year(Date), space="free_x", scales="free_x", switch="x") +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(strip.placement = "outside",
        strip.background = element_blank(),
        panel.grid.minor.x = element_blank(),
        panel.border = element_rect(colour="grey70"),
        panel.spacing=unit(0,"cm"))

Option 2a: Edit the x-axis label grob

Here's a more complex and finicky method (though it could likely be automated by someone who understands the structure and unit spacings of grid graphics better than I do) that avoids the pitfalls of the faceting method described above:

library(grid)

# Fake data with an extra year added for illustration
set.seed(2)
df = data.frame(Date=seq(as.Date("1718-03-01"),as.Date("1721-09-20"), by="1 day"))
df$value = cumsum(rnorm(nrow(df)))

# The plot we'll start with
p = ggplot(df, aes(Date, value)) +
  geom_vline(xintercept=as.numeric(df$Date[yday(df$Date)==1]), colour="grey60") +
  geom_line() +
  scale_x_date(date_labels="%b", date_breaks="month", expand=c(0,0)) +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(panel.grid.minor.x = element_blank()) +
  labs(x="")

现在，我们要在每年的六月和七月之间及其下方添加年份值。下面的代码通过修改x轴标签grob来做到这一点，并通过@SandyMuspratt 对此SO答案进行了改编。

# Get the grob
g <- ggplotGrob(p)

# Get the y axis
index <- which(g$layout$name == "axis-b")  # Which grob
xaxis <- g$grobs[[index]]   

# Get the ticks (labels and marks)
ticks <- xaxis$children[[2]]

# Get the labels
ticksB <- ticks$grobs[[2]]

# Edit x-axis label grob
# Find every index of Jun in the x-axis labels and add a newline and
# then a year label
junes = which(ticksB$children[[1]]$label == "Jun")
ticksB$children[[1]]$label[junes] = paste0(ticksB$children[[1]]$label[junes],
                                           "\n      ", unique(year(df$Date))) 

# Put the edited labels back into the plot
ticks$grobs[[2]] <- ticksB
xaxis$children[[2]] <- ticks
g$grobs[[index]] <- xaxis

# Draw the plot
grid.newpage()
grid.draw(g)

选项2b：编辑x轴标签grob并将月份标签居中

以下是对选项2a进行的唯一更改，以使月份标签居中，但是，再次需要手动调整空格数。

# Make the edit
# Center the month labels between ticks
ticksB$children[[1]]$label = paste0(paste(rep(" ",7),collapse=""), ticksB$children[[1]]$label)

# Find every index of Jun in the x-axis labels and a year label
junes = grep("Jun", ticksB$children[[1]]$label)
ticksB$children[[1]]$label[junes] = paste0(ticksB$children[[1]]$label[junes], "\n      ", unique(year(df$Date)))

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编辑于 2020-09-22

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