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没有完整路径的gcc：尝试执行cc1错误：execvp：没有这样的文件或目录

hikaru 发表于 Dev
53
光

我从源代码安装了gcc 8.3.0。

如果我在完整路径下使用gcc，则可以完美运行。

$ /usr/bin/gcc test.c

但是如果我使用不带完整路径的gcc，将会导致错误：

$ gcc test.c
gcc: error trying to exec 'cc1': execvp: No such file or directory
  • 编译.cpp文件时，“ cc1”更改为“ cc1plus”

我可以解决这个问题吗？还是此gcc特定（必须使用完整路径）？

样本来源：

//test.c or test.cpp
void main(){}

strace没有全路径（错误：1）：

  • 为什么gcc使用相对路径找到cc1 / cc1plus ...？
  • 我认为gcc应该使用绝对路径找到'/usr/libexec/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/'目录。
execve("/bin/sh", ["/bin/sh", "-c", "gcc test.cpp -Wno-write-st"...], 0xbfbb4e68 /* 14 vars */) = 0
set_thread_area({entry_number=-1, base_addr=0x814816c, limit=0x0fffff, seg_32bit=1, contents=0, read_exec_only=0, limit_in_pages=1, seg_not_present=0, useable=1}) = 0 (entry_number=6)
set_tid_address(0x81489ec)              = 16010
getuid32()                              = 0
brk(NULL)                               = 0x8cee000
brk(0x8cef000)                          = 0x8cef000
getpid()                                = 16010
rt_sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, [RT_1 RT_2], NULL, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, {sa_handler=0x80bee30, sa_mask=~[RTMIN RT_1 RT_2], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER, sa_restorer=0x8114571}, NULL, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGHUP, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x8114571}, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=0}, 8) = 0
brk(0x8cf0000)                          = 0x8cf0000
getppid()                               = 16007
uname({sysname="Linux", nodename="DESLX", ...}) = 0
stat64("/tmp/linux-test", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=260, ...}) = 0
stat64(".", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=260, ...}) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGINT, NULL, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=0}, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {sa_handler=0x80bee30, sa_mask=~[RTMIN RT_1 RT_2], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER, sa_restorer=0x8114571}, NULL, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGQUIT, NULL, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=0}, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGQUIT, {sa_handler=SIG_IGN, sa_mask=~[RTMIN RT_1 RT_2], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER, sa_restorer=0x8114571}, NULL, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGTERM, NULL, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=0}, 8) = 0
stat64("/sbin/gcc", 0xbf92665c)         = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/sbin/gcc", 0xbf92665c)     = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/bin/gcc", 0xbf92665c)          = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/bin/gcc", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1490096, ...}) = 0
execve("/usr/bin/gcc", ["gcc", "test.cpp", "-Wno-write-strings"], 0x8cee314 /* 14 vars */) = 0
set_thread_area({entry_number=-1, base_addr=0x8177bf4, limit=0x0fffff, seg_32bit=1, contents=0, read_exec_only=0, limit_in_pages=1, seg_not_present=0, useable=1}) = 0 (entry_number=6)
set_tid_address(0x8177dc8)              = 16010
brk(NULL)                               = 0x853b000
brk(0x853c000)                          = 0x853c000
brk(NULL)                               = 0x853c000
brk(0x853e000)                          = 0x853e000
brk(0x854f000)                          = 0x854f000
brk(0x8550000)                          = 0x8550000
ioctl(2, TIOCGWINSZ, 0xbfd450f8)        = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)
ioctl(2, TIOCGWINSZ, 0xbfd450f8)        = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)
rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {sa_handler=SIG_IGN, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=0}, 8) = 0
rt_sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, [RT_1 RT_2], NULL, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {sa_handler=0x804cc90, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, {sa_handler=SIG_IGN, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGHUP, {sa_handler=SIG_IGN, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=0}, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGHUP, {sa_handler=0x804cc90, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, {sa_handler=SIG_IGN, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGTERM, {sa_handler=SIG_IGN, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=0}, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGTERM, {sa_handler=0x804cc90, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, {sa_handler=SIG_IGN, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGPIPE, {sa_handler=SIG_IGN, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=0}, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGPIPE, {sa_handler=0x804cc90, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, {sa_handler=SIG_IGN, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=0}, 8) = 0
prlimit64(0, RLIMIT_STACK, NULL, {rlim_cur=8192*1024, rlim_max=RLIM64_INFINITY}) = 0
rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, ~[RTMIN RT_1 RT_2], [], 8) = 0
rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, ~[], NULL, 8) = 0
prlimit64(0, RLIMIT_STACK, {rlim_cur=65536*1024, rlim_max=RLIM64_INFINITY}, NULL) = 0
rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0
brk(0x8551000)                          = 0x8551000
brk(0x8552000)                          = 0x8552000
open("gcc", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC|O_PATH) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("gcc", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC|O_PATH) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("test.cpp", F_OK)          = 0
access("../lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/", X_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("../lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/", X_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("../lib/gcc/", X_OK)             = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("../lib/", X_OK)                 = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("../lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/", X_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("../lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/", X_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("../lib/gcc/", X_OK)             = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("../lib/", X_OK)                 = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("gcc", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC|O_PATH) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
brk(0x8553000)                          = 0x8553000
access("../../usr", F_OK)               = 0
access("../lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/specs", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("../lib/gcc/specs", R_OK)        = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("../i686-test-linux/lib/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/specs", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("../i686-test-linux/lib/specs", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/specs", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("../lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/", X_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("../lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/", X_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("../lib/gcc/", X_OK)             = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("../", X_OK)                     = 0
access("../", X_OK)                     = 0
brk(0x8554000)                          = 0x8554000
stat64("../libexec/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/lto-wrapper", 0xbfd44ff0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("../libexec/gcc/lto-wrapper", 0xbfd44ff0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("../i686-test-linux/bin/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/lto-wrapper", 0xbfd44ff0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("../i686-test-linux/bin/lto-wrapper", 0xbfd44ff0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/tmp", R_OK|W_OK|X_OK)          = 0
clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {tv_sec=1561737190, tv_nsec=72258100}) = 0
open("/tmp/ccKGEANB.s", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600) = 3
close(3)                                = 0
stat64("../libexec/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/cc1plus", 0xbfd44660) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("../libexec/gcc/cc1plus", 0xbfd44660) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("../i686-test-linux/bin/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/cc1plus", 0xbfd44660) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("../i686-test-linux/bin/cc1plus", 0xbfd44660) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
vfork(gcc: error trying to exec 'cc1plus': execvp: No such file or directory
)                                 = 16011
--- SIGCHLD {si_signo=SIGCHLD, si_code=CLD_EXITED, si_pid=16011, si_uid=0, si_status=255, si_utime=0, si_stime=0} ---
wait4(16011, [{WIFEXITED(s) && WEXITSTATUS(s) == 255}], 0, NULL) = 16011
stat64("/tmp/ccKGEANB.s", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0600, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
unlink("/tmp/ccKGEANB.s")               = 0
exit_group(1)                           = ?
+++ exited with 1 +++

具有完整路径的strace（错误：0）：

execve("/bin/sh", ["/bin/sh", "-c", "/usr/bin/gcc test.cpp -Wno"...], 0xbffa0bc8 /* 14 vars */) = 0
set_thread_area({entry_number=-1, base_addr=0x814816c, limit=0x0fffff, seg_32bit=1, contents=0, read_exec_only=0, limit_in_pages=1, seg_not_present=0, useable=1}) = 0 (entry_number=6)
set_tid_address(0x81489ec)              = 16029
getuid32()                              = 0
brk(NULL)                               = 0x8f18000
brk(0x8f19000)                          = 0x8f19000
getpid()                                = 16029
rt_sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, [RT_1 RT_2], NULL, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, {sa_handler=0x80bee30, sa_mask=~[RTMIN RT_1 RT_2], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER, sa_restorer=0x8114571}, NULL, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGHUP, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x8114571}, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=0}, 8) = 0
brk(0x8f1a000)                          = 0x8f1a000
getppid()                               = 16026
uname({sysname="Linux", nodename="DESLX", ...}) = 0
stat64("/tmp/linux-test", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=260, ...}) = 0
stat64(".", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=260, ...}) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGINT, NULL, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=0}, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {sa_handler=0x80bee30, sa_mask=~[RTMIN RT_1 RT_2], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER, sa_restorer=0x8114571}, NULL, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGQUIT, NULL, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=0}, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGQUIT, {sa_handler=SIG_IGN, sa_mask=~[RTMIN RT_1 RT_2], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER, sa_restorer=0x8114571}, NULL, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGTERM, NULL, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=0}, 8) = 0
execve("/usr/bin/gcc", ["/usr/bin/gcc", "test.cpp", "-Wno-write-strings"], 0x8f1832c /* 14 vars */) = 0
set_thread_area({entry_number=-1, base_addr=0x8177bf4, limit=0x0fffff, seg_32bit=1, contents=0, read_exec_only=0, limit_in_pages=1, seg_not_present=0, useable=1}) = 0 (entry_number=6)
set_tid_address(0x8177dc8)              = 16029
brk(NULL)                               = 0x986d000
brk(0x986e000)                          = 0x986e000
brk(NULL)                               = 0x986e000
brk(0x9870000)                          = 0x9870000
brk(0x9881000)                          = 0x9881000
brk(0x9882000)                          = 0x9882000
ioctl(2, TIOCGWINSZ, 0xbfec0478)        = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)
ioctl(2, TIOCGWINSZ, 0xbfec0478)        = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)
rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {sa_handler=SIG_IGN, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=0}, 8) = 0
rt_sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, [RT_1 RT_2], NULL, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {sa_handler=0x804cc90, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, {sa_handler=SIG_IGN, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGHUP, {sa_handler=SIG_IGN, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=0}, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGHUP, {sa_handler=0x804cc90, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, {sa_handler=SIG_IGN, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGTERM, {sa_handler=SIG_IGN, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=0}, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGTERM, {sa_handler=0x804cc90, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, {sa_handler=SIG_IGN, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGPIPE, {sa_handler=SIG_IGN, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=0}, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGPIPE, {sa_handler=0x804cc90, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, {sa_handler=SIG_IGN, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART, sa_restorer=0x80d9557}, {sa_handler=SIG_DFL, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=0}, 8) = 0
prlimit64(0, RLIMIT_STACK, NULL, {rlim_cur=8192*1024, rlim_max=RLIM64_INFINITY}) = 0
rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, ~[RTMIN RT_1 RT_2], [], 8) = 0
rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, ~[], NULL, 8) = 0
prlimit64(0, RLIMIT_STACK, {rlim_cur=65536*1024, rlim_max=RLIM64_INFINITY}, NULL) = 0
rt_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, [], NULL, 8) = 0
brk(0x9883000)                          = 0x9883000
brk(0x9884000)                          = 0x9884000
open("/usr/bin/gcc", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC|O_PATH) = 3
readlink("/proc/self/fd/3", "/usr/bin/gcc", 4095) = 12
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1490096, ...}) = 0
stat64("/usr/bin/gcc", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1490096, ...}) = 0
close(3)                                = 0
open("/usr/bin/gcc", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC|O_PATH) = 3
readlink("/proc/self/fd/3", "/usr/bin/gcc", 4095) = 12
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1490096, ...}) = 0
stat64("/usr/bin/gcc", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1490096, ...}) = 0
close(3)                                = 0
access("test.cpp", F_OK)          = 0
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/", X_OK) = 0
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/", X_OK) = 0
brk(0x9885000)                          = 0x9885000
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/specs", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../../i686-test-linux/lib/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/specs", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../../i686-test-linux/lib/specs", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/specs", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/", X_OK) = 0
brk(0x9886000)                          = 0x9886000
stat64("/usr/libexec/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/lto-wrapper", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1397652, ...}) = 0
access("/usr/libexec/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/lto-wrapper", X_OK) = 0
brk(0x9887000)                          = 0x9887000
access("/tmp", R_OK|W_OK|X_OK)          = 0
clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {tv_sec=1561737208, tv_nsec=84838200}) = 0
open("/tmp/ccoIKDmM.s", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600) = 3
close(3)                                = 0
stat64("/usr/libexec/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/cc1plus", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=30230160, ...}) = 0
access("/usr/libexec/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/cc1plus", X_OK) = 0
vfork()                                 = 16030
wait4(16030, [{WIFEXITED(s) && WEXITSTATUS(s) == 0}], 0, NULL) = 16030
--- SIGCHLD {si_signo=SIGCHLD, si_code=CLD_EXITED, si_pid=16030, si_uid=0, si_status=0, si_utime=38, si_stime=3} ---
clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, {tv_sec=1561737208, tv_nsec=558595000}) = 0
open("/tmp/ccaIfIIE.o", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600) = 3
close(3)                                = 0
stat64("/usr/libexec/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/as", 0xbfec0280) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/libexec/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/as", 0xbfec0280) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/libexec/gcc/i686-test-linux/as", 0xbfec0280) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/as", 0xbfec0280) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/as", 0xbfec0280) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../../i686-test-linux/bin/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/as", 0xbfec0280) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../../i686-test-linux/bin/as", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1780284, ...}) = 0
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../../i686-test-linux/bin/as", X_OK) = 0
vfork()                                 = 16031
wait4(16031, [{WIFEXITED(s) && WEXITSTATUS(s) == 0}], 0, NULL) = 16031
--- SIGCHLD {si_signo=SIGCHLD, si_code=CLD_EXITED, si_pid=16031, si_uid=0, si_status=0, si_utime=1, si_stime=0} ---
stat64("/usr/libexec/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/collect2", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1058760, ...}) = 0
access("/usr/libexec/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/collect2", X_OK) = 0
stat64("/usr/libexec/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/.", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0777, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
stat64("/usr/libexec/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/.", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0777, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
stat64("/usr/libexec/gcc/i686-test-linux/.", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0777, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
stat64("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/.", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0777, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
stat64("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/.", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0777, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
stat64("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../../i686-test-linux/bin/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/.", 0xbfec0360) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../../i686-test-linux/bin/.", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0777, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
stat64("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/.", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0777, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
stat64("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../../i686-test-linux/lib/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/.", 0xbfec0360) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../../i686-test-linux/lib/.", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0777, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
stat64("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../i686-test-linux/8.3.0/.", 0xbfec0360) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../.", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0777, st_size=24576, ...}) = 0
stat64("/usr/lib/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/.", 0xbfec0360) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/.", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0777, st_size=24576, ...}) = 0
stat64("/usr/usr/lib/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/.", 0xbfec0360) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/usr/lib/.", 0xbfec0360)    = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
brk(0x9888000)                          = 0x9888000
brk(0x9889000)                          = 0x9889000
brk(0x988a000)                          = 0x988a000
brk(0x988b000)                          = 0x988b000
brk(0x988c000)                          = 0x988c000
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/crt1.o", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../../i686-test-linux/lib/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/crt1.o", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../../i686-test-linux/lib/crt1.o", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../i686-test-linux/8.3.0/crt1.o", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../crt1.o", R_OK) = 0
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/crti.o", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../../i686-test-linux/lib/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/crti.o", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../../i686-test-linux/lib/crti.o", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../i686-test-linux/8.3.0/crti.o", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../crti.o", R_OK) = 0
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/crtbegin.o", R_OK) = 0
stat64("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/.", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0777, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
stat64("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../../i686-test-linux/lib/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/.", 0xbfebfb00) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../../i686-test-linux/lib/.", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0777, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
stat64("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../i686-test-linux/8.3.0/.", 0xbfebfb00) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../.", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0777, st_size=24576, ...}) = 0
stat64("/usr/lib/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/.", 0xbfebfb00) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/usr/lib/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/.", 0xbfebfb00) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/usr/lib/.", 0xbfebfb00)    = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/crtend.o", R_OK) = 0
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/crtn.o", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../../i686-test-linux/lib/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/crtn.o", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../../i686-test-linux/lib/crtn.o", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../i686-test-linux/8.3.0/crtn.o", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/lib/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/../../../crtn.o", R_OK) = 0
stat64("/usr/libexec/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/collect2", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1058760, ...}) = 0
access("/usr/libexec/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/collect2", X_OK) = 0
vfork()                                 = 16032
wait4(16032, [{WIFEXITED(s) && WEXITSTATUS(s) == 0}], 0, NULL) = 16032
--- SIGCHLD {si_signo=SIGCHLD, si_code=CLD_EXITED, si_pid=16032, si_uid=0, si_status=0, si_utime=0, si_stime=0} ---
stat64("/tmp/ccaIfIIE.o", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0600, st_size=175096, ...}) = 0
unlink("/tmp/ccaIfIIE.o")               = 0
stat64("/tmp/ccoIKDmM.s", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0600, st_size=333416, ...}) = 0
unlink("/tmp/ccoIKDmM.s")               = 0
exit_group(0)                           = ?
+++ exited with 0 +++

gcc的已应用补丁：（用于支持musl *-test-linux-gnu）

diff -- a/gcc/config.gcc b/gcc/config.gcc
--- a/gcc/config.gcc
+++ b/gcc/config.gcc
@@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ case ${target} in
     *-*-*uclibc*)
       tm_defines="$tm_defines DEFAULT_LIBC=LIBC_UCLIBC"
       ;;
-    *-*-*musl*)
+    *-*-*musl* | *-test-*-gnu )
       tm_defines="$tm_defines DEFAULT_LIBC=LIBC_MUSL"
       ;;
     *)

diff -- a/libstdc++-v3/configure b/libstdc++-v3/configure
--- a/libstdc++-v3/configure
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/configure
@@ -28912,7 +28912,7 @@ else
   # First, test for "known" system libraries.  We may be using newlib even
   # on a hosted environment.
   if test "x${with_newlib}" = "xyes"; then
-    os_include_dir="os/newlib"
+    os_include_dir="os/generic"
     $as_echo "#define HAVE_HYPOT 1" >>confdefs.h

diff -- a/libstdc++-v3/configure.host b/libstdc++-v3/configure.host
--- a/libstdc++-v3/configure.host
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/configure.host
@@ -393,3 +393,11 @@ case "${host}" in
     abi_baseline_subdir_switch=--print-multi-os-directory
     ;;
 esac
+
+# TEST Linux patch
+case "${host}" in
+  *-test-* | *-test-dev-* )
+    os_include_dir="os/generic"
+    ;;
+esac
+

./configure选项（gcc-###）：

Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
Target: i686-test-linux
Configured with: /l/src/build/i686-test-linux/gcc-8.3.0/configure CFLAGS='-static -O2' CXXFLAGS='-static -O2' 
    --build=i686-test-linux --host=i686-test-linux --target=i686-test-linux --prefix=/usr/ --with-sysroot=/usr/ 
    --with-native-system-header-dir=/include --with-local-prefix=/usr/ --with-newlib --without-headers --enable-languages=c,c++ 
    --disable-libstdcxx --disable-nls --disable-shared --disable-multilib --disable-decimal-float --disable-threads 
    --disable-libada --disable-libatomic --disable-libffi --disable-libgomp --disable-libhsail-rt --disable-libitm 
    --disable-libmpx --disable-libobjc --disable-liboffloadmic --disable-libquadmath --disable-libsanitizer --disable-libssp 
    --disable-libstdc++-v3 --disable-libvtv --disable-bootstrap
Thread model: single
gcc version 8.3.0 (TEST Embedded Linux Toolchain for [i686])```

我已经测试了这些更改，但尚未解决：

  • “ / usr /”到“ / usr”
  • 删除：在FLAGS中为“ -static”，--disable-bootstrap
  • '/ include'到'/ usr / include'：这将从'/ usr / usr / include'中读取包含文件。无法使用。

我的linux环境只有：

  • 内核（v4.19.34，defconfig + Hyper-V模块：[y]）
  • busybox（v1.30.1，所有小程序）
  • binutils（v2.32）
  • gcc（v8.30）
  • musl（v1.1.22）
  • libstdc ++ v3（带有musl）

注意：我的linux没有任何软件包管理器。因此不能像“ sudo apt-get install g ++”那样使用它

光

我用简单的解决方案解决了这个问题。

export PATH

执行此命令后，将使用相对路径进行编译。

找到这一点的道路：

  • 我测试向libexec添加PATH是否可以编译。

$ PATH=${PATH}:/usr/libexec/gcc/i686-test-linux/8.3.0/ ->成功

根据strace日志，我认为gcc不会使用$ PATH搜索cc1 / cc1plus。为什么？

  • 我测试到/ usr / bin的PATH是否可以编译。（因为失误）

$ PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin ->成功

  • 为什么会成功？我认为PATH已经包含“ / usr / bin”
$ echo ${PATH}
/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin
  • 我测试是否简单地通过了$ PATH。

$ PATH=${PATH} gcc ->成功

  • $ gcc和$ PATH=$PATH gcc???有什么区别？
$ set
HOME='/'
HOSTNAME='TEST0'
IFS='
'
LINENO=''
OLDPWD='/'
OPTIND='1'
PATH='/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin'
PPID='2701'
PS1='\w \$ '
PS2='> '
PS4='+ '
PWD='/'
SHLVL='8'
TERM='linux'

$ export
export HOME='/'
export OLDPWD='/'
export PWD='/'
export SHLVL='8'
export TERM='linux'

哦，PATH不会导出为环境变量。仅作为外壳变量存在...

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