从序列中删除所有重复元素

戴维波夫

Common Lisp序列函数remove-duplicates在每个多重性后面都保留一个元素。以下类似功能的目标remove-equals是删除所有重复项。

但是,我想使用内置函数remove-if(而不是迭代)和SBCL的哈希表功能用于:test函数,以将时间复杂度保持在O(n)。迫在眉睫的问题是SBCL相等性测试需要是全局的,但是该测试还需要依赖于的key参数remove-equals可以满足两个要求吗?

(defun remove-equals (sequence &key (test #'eql) (start 0) end (key #'identity))
  "Removes all repetitive sequence elements based on equality test."
  #.(defun equality-test (x y)
      (funcall test (funcall key x) (funcall key y)))
  #.(sb-ext:define-hash-table-test equality-test sxhash)
  (let ((ht (make-hash-table :test #'equality-test)))
    (iterate (for elt in-sequence (subseq sequence start end))
             (incf (gethash (funcall key elt) ht 0)))
    (remove-if (lambda (elt)
                 (/= 1 (gethash elt ht)))
               sequence :start start :end end :key key)))
除夕夜

第三个参数将define-hash-table-test测试与哈希函数相关联。使用会sxhash破坏目的,因为应该针对test功能进行调整(equal x y)暗示(= (sxhash x) (sxhash))因此,第二参数应该是一个函数test-hash,使得(funcall test x y)暗示(= (test-hash x) (test-hash y))仅具有测试功能是不可能做到这一点的。最好通过证明它需要散列支持来规避整个过程:

(defun remove-duplicated (sequence &key (test #'eql) (start 0) end (key #'identity))
  "Removes all repetitive sequence elements based on equality test.
   equalily tests other than eq, eql, equal and equalp requires you
   add it to be allowed in a hash table eg. sb-ext:define-hash-table-test in SBCL"

  (let ((ht (make-hash-table :test test)))
    (iterate (for elt in-sequence (subseq sequence start end))
             (incf (gethash (funcall key elt) ht 0)))
    (remove-if (lambda (elt)
                 (/= 1 (gethash elt ht)))
               sequence :start start :end end :key key)))

现在,如果用户需要自定义测试,则需要自己进行:

(defun car-equals (a b)
  (equal (car a) (car b)))

(defun car-equals-hash (p)
  (sxhash (car p)))

(sb-ext:define-hash-table-test car-equals car-equals-hash)

(car-equals '(1 2 3 4) '(1 3 5 7)) ; ==> t
(defparameter *ht* (make-hash-table :test 'car-equals))
(setf (gethash '(1 2 3 4) *ht*) 'found)
(gethash '(1 3 5 7) *ht*) ; ==> found

(remove-duplicated '((5 0 1 2) (5 1 2 3) (5 1 3 2) (5 2 3 4)) 
                   :test #'car-equals 
                   :key #'cdr) 
; ==> ((5 0 1 2) (5 2 3 4))

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