Python Anaconda Windows 10的XGBoost安装问题（2018年5月18日）

在过去的几天里，我尝试使用位于以下位置的说明来安装XGBoost

• http://xgboost.readthedocs.io/en/latest/build.html
• Windows中的XGBoost安装
• https://github.com/dmlc/xgboost/tree/master/python-package
• https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/blogs/jfp/entry/Installing_XGBoost_For_Anaconda_on_Windows?lang=en
• https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/xgboost
• http://www.picnet.com.au/blogs/guido/2016/09/22/xgboost-windows-x64-binaries-for-download/。

有些指令是直接的（例如conda install -c conda-forge xgboost）。其他步骤涉及几十个步骤，其中一些步骤对于像我这样的新手来说尚不清楚且令人困惑。

某些安装似乎可以正常工作，但是将模块导入jupyter笔记本电脑失败。例如，我可以在看到安装的文件...\Anaconda2\envs\py36\Lib\site-packages\xgboost-0.71-py3.6.egg\xgboost，但是导入会产生错误。

我的最新尝试，随后张贴在说明https://www.kaggle.com/general/30163#latest-330213：conda install -c anaconda py-xgboost。

同样，安装似乎可以正常进行：我可以在下看到安装的文件...\Anaconda2\envs\py36\Lib\site-packages\xgboost。但是在我的笔记本中，当我尝试同时使用

from xgboost import XGBRegressor

和

import xgboost

我懂了 OSError: [WinError 126] The specified module could not be found error.

完整的回溯如下。

有解决办法吗？更好的安装方式？我想继续观看Dan Becker关于kaggle的ML简介！

版本：

 python version : 3.6.4150.1013
  conda version : 4.3.30

  Microsoft Windows : Version 10.0.16299.431
           platform : win-64
           git bash : launches a window labeled `MINGW64:/c/users/karls`

追溯：

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
OSError                                   Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-7-15d947748610> in <module>()
----> 1 from xgboost import XGBRegressor   # OSError: [WinError 126] The specified module could not be found
      2 
      3 my_model = XGBRegressor()
      4 # Add silent=True to avoid printing out updates with each cycle
      5 my_model.fit(train_X, train_y, verbose=False)

~\Anaconda2\envs\py36\lib\site-packages\xgboost\__init__.py in <module>()
      9 import os
     10 
---> 11 from .core import DMatrix, Booster
     12 from .training import train, cv
     13 from . import rabit                   # noqa

~\Anaconda2\envs\py36\lib\site-packages\xgboost\core.py in <module>()
    113 
    114 # load the XGBoost library globally
--> 115 _LIB = _load_lib()
    116 
    117 

~\Anaconda2\envs\py36\lib\site-packages\xgboost\core.py in _load_lib()
    107     if len(lib_path) == 0:
    108         return None
--> 109     lib = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary(lib_path[0])
    110     lib.XGBGetLastError.restype = ctypes.c_char_p
    111     return lib

~\Anaconda2\envs\py36\lib\ctypes\__init__.py in LoadLibrary(self, name)
    424 
    425     def LoadLibrary(self, name):
--> 426         return self._dlltype(name)
    427 
    428 cdll = LibraryLoader(CDLL)

~\Anaconda2\envs\py36\lib\ctypes\__init__.py in __init__(self, name, mode, handle, use_errno, use_last_error)
    346 
    347         if handle is None:
--> 348             self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
    349         else:
    350             self._handle = handle

OSError: [WinError 126] The specified module could not be found

编辑1安装尝试

示例1：conda install -c anaconda py-xgboost

1. 启动Anaconda提示
2. 激活py36
3. 运行conda install -c anaconda py-xgboost

这是几天前我尝试进行此安装时的命令窗口结果（当我今天追溯这些步骤时，在“所有已安装的请求软件包”确认下）：

(py36) C:\Users\karls>conda install -c anaconda py-xgboost
Fetching package metadata ...............
Solving package specifications: .

Package plan for installation in environment C:\Users\karls\Anaconda2\envs\py36:

The following packages will be UPDATED:

    bzip2:        1.0.6-haa5b126_2        --> 1.0.6-vc14_3          anaconda [vc14]

The following packages will be SUPERSEDED by a higher-priority channel:

    cryptography: 2.1.4-py36he1d7878_0    --> 2.0.3-py36h123decb_1  anaconda
    curl:         7.58.0-h7602738_0       --> 7.55.1-vc14hdaba4a4_3 anaconda [vc14]
    freetype:     2.8-h51f8f2c_1          --> 2.8-vc14h17c9bdf_0    anaconda [vc14]
    hdf5:         1.10.1-h98b8871_1       --> 1.10.1-vc14hb361328_0 anaconda [vc14]
    icu:          58.2-ha66f8fd_1         --> 58.2-vc14hc45fdbb_0   anaconda [vc14]
    jpeg:         9b-hb83a4c4_2           --> 9b-vc14h4d7706e_1     anaconda [vc14]
    libiconv:     1.15-h1df5818_7         --> 1.15-vc14h29686d3_5   anaconda [vc14]
    libpng:       1.6.34-h79bbb47_0       --> 1.6.32-vc14h5163883_3 anaconda [vc14]
    libssh2:      1.8.0-hd619d38_4        --> 1.8.0-vc14hcf584a9_2  anaconda [vc14]
    libtiff:      4.0.9-h0f13578_0        --> 4.0.8-vc14h04e2a1e_10 anaconda [vc14]
    libxml2:      2.9.7-h79bbb47_0        --> 2.9.4-vc14h8fd0f11_5  anaconda [vc14]
    libxslt:      1.1.32-hf6f1972_0       --> 1.1.29-vc14hf85b8d4_5 anaconda [vc14]
    lxml:         4.2.1-py36heafd4d3_0    --> 4.1.1-py36he0adb16_0  anaconda
    lzo:          2.10-h6df0209_2         --> 2.10-vc14h0a64fa6_1   anaconda [vc14]
    openssl:      1.0.2n-h74b6da3_0       --> 1.0.2l-vc14hf4c37d5_5 anaconda [vc14]
    pillow:       5.0.0-py36h0738816_0    --> 4.2.1-py36hdb25ab2_0  anaconda
    py-xgboost:   0.71-py36h6538335_0     --> 0.71-py36h6538335_0   anaconda
    pycurl:       7.43.0.1-py36h74b6da3_0 --> 7.43.0-py36h086bf4c_3 anaconda
    pyopenssl:    17.5.0-py36h5b7d817_0   --> 17.4.0-py36h3316aad_0 anaconda
    qt:           5.6.2-vc14h6f8c307_12   --> 5.6.2-vc14h6f8c307_12 anaconda [vc14]
    sqlite:       3.22.0-h9d3ae62_0       --> 3.20.1-vc14h7ce8c62_1 anaconda [vc14]
    tk:           8.6.7-hcb92d03_3        --> 8.6.7-vc14hb68737d_1  anaconda [vc14]
    yaml:         0.1.7-hc54c509_2        --> 0.1.7-vc14hb31d195_1  anaconda [vc14]
    zlib:         1.2.11-h8395fce_2       --> 1.2.11-vc14h1cdd9ab_1 anaconda [vc14]

Proceed ([y]/n)?

我输入y，输入Enter，模块已安装。我没有复制结果，但是它表明成功了-但是当我尝试将其导入笔记本时找不到该moducle。

这是我今天再次采取这些步骤时的结果：

(C:\Users\karls\Anaconda2) C:\Users\karls>activate py36

(py36) C:\Users\karls>conda install -c anaconda py-xgboost
Fetching package metadata ...............
Solving package specifications: .

# All requested packages already installed.
# packages in environment at C:\Users\karls\Anaconda2\envs\py36:
#
py-xgboost                0.71             py36h6538335_0    anaconda

(py36) C:\Users\karls>

编辑2示例2：