如何在Word的列中插入表格？

您的代码仅使用一XWPFRun分为二的列。AXWPFRun不能包含表。但是部分可以包含所有文档正文元素，而不仅仅是文本运行。这也包括XWPFTables。

一个节包含两个具有节设置的段落之间或从具有节设置的最后一个段落到正文结尾的所有正文元素。那里的部分设置向上有效。段落中的部分设置对该段落上方的正文元素有效。并且body中的section设置对body元素从body末尾向上到最后一段有section设置是有效的。

在两列部分的左列和右列中包含表格的完整示例：

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import java.math.BigInteger;

import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFDocument;
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFParagraph;
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFRun;
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFTable;
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.BreakType;
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.Borders;

import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTDocument1;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTBody;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTSectPr;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTColumns;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTColumn;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTDocGrid;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.STDocGrid;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.STSectionMark;

public class Word2ColumnPageWithTables {
 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    
  XWPFDocument document= new XWPFDocument();

  XWPFParagraph paragraph = document.createParagraph();
  XWPFRun run=paragraph.createRun();  
  run.setText("One column on top. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua.");

  paragraph = document.createParagraph();

  //paragraph with section settings for one column section above
  paragraph = document.createParagraph();
  CTSectPr ctSectPr = paragraph.getCTP().addNewPPr().addNewSectPr();
  CTColumns ctColumns = ctSectPr.addNewCols();
  ctColumns.setNum(BigInteger.valueOf(1));

  //left column

  paragraph = document.createParagraph();
  run=paragraph.createRun();  
  run.setText("The left side");
  paragraph = document.createParagraph();
  run=paragraph.createRun();  
  run.setText("Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. ");

  paragraph = document.createParagraph();
  run=paragraph.createRun();  
  run.setText("Table on left column:");
  XWPFTable table = document.createTable(1,2);
  table.getRow(0).getCell(0).setText("Cell A1");
  table.getRow(0).getCell(1).setText("Cell B1");
  
  paragraph = document.createParagraph();

  // right column 

  //paragraph with column break
  paragraph = document.createParagraph();
  run = paragraph.createRun();  
  run.addBreak(BreakType.COLUMN);
  run=paragraph.createRun();  
  run.setText("The right side");
  
  paragraph = document.createParagraph();
  run=paragraph.createRun();  
  run.setText("At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. ");

  paragraph = document.createParagraph();
  run = paragraph.createRun();  
  run.setText("Table on right column:");
  table = document.createTable(1,2);
  table.getRow(0).getCell(0).setText("Cell A1");
  table.getRow(0).getCell(1).setText("Cell B1");

  paragraph = document.createParagraph();

  //paragraph with section break continuous for two column section above
  paragraph = document.createParagraph();
  ctSectPr = paragraph.getCTP().addNewPPr().addNewSectPr();
  ctSectPr.addNewType().setVal(STSectionMark.CONTINUOUS);
  ctColumns = ctSectPr.addNewCols();
  ctColumns.setNum(BigInteger.valueOf(2));
  CTColumn ctColumn = ctColumns.addNewCol();
  ctColumn.setSpace(BigInteger.valueOf(300));
  ctColumn = ctColumns.addNewCol();

  paragraph = document.createParagraph();
  run=paragraph.createRun();  
  run.setText("One column on bottom");

  paragraph = document.createParagraph();
  run=paragraph.createRun();  
  run.setText("Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.");

  //section setting continuous for one column section above
  CTDocument1 ctDocument = document.getDocument();
  CTBody ctBody = ctDocument.getBody();
  ctSectPr = ctBody.addNewSectPr();
  ctSectPr.addNewType().setVal(STSectionMark.CONTINUOUS);
  ctColumns = ctSectPr.addNewCols();
  ctColumns.setNum(BigInteger.valueOf(1));

  FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("Word2ColumnPageWithTables.docx");  
  document.write(out);
  out.close();
  document.close();

 }
}