运行两个 Internet Explorer 实例

我正在尝试运行 Internet Explorer 的两个实例来抓取 HTML。目标是为大多数功能提供一个全局 IE。但是，我需要一个用于特定目的（身份验证）的实例，一旦我完成它就会被销毁。

IE 的第二个实例的原因是由于网站的身份验证过程会抛出一个难以确认和关闭的 alert() Javascript 弹出窗口。在这种情况下，我目前正在终止整个 IE 实例。

注意到我在这里的另一篇文章中讨论了弹出窗口：Internet Explorer readyState reverts from Complete to Interactive

一旦我使用其 PID 终止 IE 的第二个实例，它似乎也会影响 IE 的全局实例。当我返回到 IE 的全局实例时，我得到：运行时错误 '462'：远程服务器机器不存在或不可用。

复制：

1. 执行函数runIE1（可以多次运行）
2. 执行函数runIE2（可以多次运行）
3. 执行函数 runIE1 以获取错误

模块代码：

Option Explicit

Public Declare Function GetWindowThreadProcessId Lib "user32" _
                                                 (ByVal lHWnd As Long, _
                                                  ByRef lProcessId As Long) As Long
Public Declare PtrSafe Sub Sleep Lib "kernel32" (ByVal Milliseconds As LongPtr)

Public ie_browser As New InternetExplorer

Sub runIE1()
    Debug.Print "--- runIE1 ---"
    Debug.Print "ie_browser PID: "; ie_browser.hwnd
    With ie_browser
        .Navigate "http://127.0.0.1/good.html"
        .Silent = True
        .Visible = False
    End With
    Debug.Print "ie_browser1 Navigated..."
    
    Do Until ie_browser.readyState = 4: DoEvents: Loop
    Do Until ie_browser.Busy = False: DoEvents: Loop
    Debug.Print "ie_browser should have parsed and rendered the page at this time"

    Debug.Print "--- runIE1 ---"
End Sub

Sub runIE2()
    Debug.Print "--- runIE2 ---"
    Dim ie_browser2_hwnd As Long
    Dim ie_browser2 As InternetExplorer
    
    Set ie_browser2 = CreateObject("InternetExplorer.Application")
    Debug.Print "ie_browser2 PID: "; ie_browser2.hwnd
    
    With ie_browser2
        .Navigate "http://127.0.0.1:9000/ftw/bad.html"
        .Silent = True
        .Visible = False
    End With
    
    Debug.Print "ie_browser2 Navigated..."
    
    Debug.Print "ie_browser2 Start wait..."
    Call waitForIE(ie_browser2)
    Debug.Print "ie_browser2 End wait..."
        
    'close if found
    If Not ie_browser2 Is Nothing Then
        Debug.Print "ie_browser2 not null..."
        ie_browser2_hwnd = ie_browser2.hwnd
        ie_browser2.Quit
        Set ie_browser2 = Nothing
        Debug.Print "ie_browser2 quit, set to null"
        Call KillHwndProcess(ie_browser2_hwnd)
        Debug.Print "terminated ie_browser2 PID: " & ie_browser2_hwnd
    End If
    Debug.Print "--- runIE2 ---"
End Sub

Public Sub waitForIE(i As InternetExplorer)
    Dim ie_hwnd As Long
    
    'Ensure browser has completed
    Do While i.readyState = 4: DoEvents: Loop
    
    'Sleep to ensure that we let the readyState to flip back
    Sleep (250)
    
    'popup occurred!
    If i.readyState = 3 Then
        Debug.Print "waitForIE - Popup occurred"
        ie_hwnd = i.hwnd
        Debug.Print "waitForIE - ie PID: " & ie_hwnd
        i.Quit
        Set i = Nothing
        Debug.Print "waitForIE - quit IE, set to nothing..."
        Call KillHwndProcess(ie_hwnd)
        Debug.Print "waitForIE - Terminated IE process: " & ie_hwnd
    Else
        Do Until i.readyState = 4: DoEvents: Loop
        Do Until i.Busy = False: DoEvents: Loop
        
        Debug.Print "Browser should have parsed and rendered the page at this time"
        Debug.Print "IE State: " & i.readyState & " IE busy: " & i.Busy
    End If
    
End Sub


 
'---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
' Procedure : KillHwndProcess
' Author    : Daniel Pineault, CARDA Consultants Inc.
' Website   : http://www.cardaconsultants.com
' Purpose   : Terminate a process based on its Windows Handle (Hwnd)
' Copyright : The following is release as Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
'             (CC BY-SA 4.0) - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
' Req'd Refs: Uses Late Binding, so none required
'
' Input Variables:
' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
' lHWnd     : Windows Handle number (Hwnd)
'
' Usage:
' ~~~~~~
' Call KillHwndProcess(Application.hWnd)
'
' Revision History:
' Rev       Date(yyyy/mm/dd)        Description
' **************************************************************************************
' 1         2018-09-09              Initial Website Release
'---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Function KillHwndProcess(lHWnd As Long)
' https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/cimwin32prov/win32-process
    On Error GoTo Error_Handler
    Dim oWMI                  As Object
    Dim oProcesses            As Object
    Dim oProcess              As Object
    Dim lProcessId            As Long
    Dim sSQL                  As String
    Const sComputer = "."
 
    'Retrieve the ProcessId associated with the specified Hwnd
    Call GetWindowThreadProcessId(lHWnd, lProcessId)
 
    'Iterate through the matching ProcessId processes and terminate
    '   each one.
    Set oWMI = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & sComputer & "\root\cimv2")
    sSQL = "SELECT * FROM Win32_Process WHERE ProcessId=" & lProcessId
    Set oProcesses = oWMI.ExecQuery(sSQL)
    For Each oProcess In oProcesses
        oProcess.Terminate
    Next
 
Error_Handler_Exit:
    On Error Resume Next
    If Not oProcess Is Nothing Then Set oProcess = Nothing
    If Not oProcesses Is Nothing Then Set oProcesses = Nothing
    If Not oWMI Is Nothing Then Set oWMI = Nothing
    Exit Function
 
Error_Handler:
    MsgBox "The following error has occurred" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & _
           "Error Number: " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & _
           "Error Source: KillHwndProcess" & vbCrLf & _
           "Error Description: " & Err.Description & _
           Switch(Erl = 0, "", Erl <> 0, vbCrLf & "Line No: " & Erl) _
           , vbOKOnly + vbCritical, "An Error has Occurred!"
    Resume Error_Handler_Exit
End Function

立即窗口中的输出：

ie_browser PID: 593524
--- runIE1 ---
ie_browser PID:  593524 
ie_browser Navigated...
ie_browser should have parsed and rendered the page at this time
--- runIE1 ---
--- runIE1 ---
ie_browser PID:  593524 
ie_browser Navigated...
ie_browser should have parsed and rendered the page at this time
--- runIE1 ---
--- runIE1 ---
ie_browser PID:  593524 
ie_browser Navigated...
ie_browser should have parsed and rendered the page at this time
--- runIE1 ---
--- runIE2 ---
ie_browser2 PID:  397928 
ie_browser2 Navigated...
ie_browser2 Start wait...
waitForIE - Popup occurred
waitForIE - ie PID: 397928
waitForIE - quit IE, set to nothing...
waitForIE - Terminated IE process: 397928
ie_browser2 End wait...
--- runIE2 ---
--- runIE1 ---

文件 bad.html（删除 good.html 的警报）

<html>
<head>
<title>Bad file</title>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> 
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
</head>

<body>
Bad!
<script type="text/javascript">
    alert("Hello World!");
</script>
</body>
</html>