我在非 root 环境中的 Conda（Win 10 64，Python 3.7.3）上安装了 Basemap，但最终出现了 proj 文件夹中没有 epsg的问题。按照 github 的建议，我发现我有 1.2.0 版本并尝试安装 1.2.1 没有成功。
编辑：显然这是一个不兼容问题，proj在尝试这个时可以看出：
conda create -n test python proj basemap=1.2.1 -c defaults -c conda-forge
首先，我将通道 conda-forge 设置为最高优先级，因此我的环境的一半得到了更新，但是 Basemap 没有。
然后我尝试强制安装 1.2.1，这会导致详细报告哪些软件包相互冲突：
Package llvm-meta conflicts for:
arrow-cpp -> numpy[version='>=1.16,<2.0a0'] -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> llvm-meta[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
parquet-cpp -> arrow-cpp=0.5 -> numpy[version='>=1.16,<2.0a0'] -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> llvm-meta[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
fastparquet -> numpy[version='>=1.11'] -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> llvm-meta[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
statsmodels -> numpy=1.11 -> libblas[version='>=3.8.0,<4.0a0'] -> libopenblas==0.3.7=h29e5d5d_0 -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> llvm-meta[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
pandas -> numpy[version='>=1.11.*'] -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> llvm-meta[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
wordcloud -> numpy -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> llvm-meta[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
mkl-service -> numpy[version='>=1.11.3,<2.0a0'] -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> llvm-meta[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
bokeh -> numpy[version='>=1.7.1'] -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> llvm-meta[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
blas -> openblas -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> llvm-meta[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
nltk -> numpy -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> llvm-meta[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
liblapack -> libblas==3.8.0=14_openblas -> libopenblas==0.3.7=h29e5d5d_0 -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> llvm-meta[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
matplotlib-base -> numpy[version='>=1.14.6,<2.0a0'] -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> llvm-meta[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
scipy -> blas==1.0=mkl -> libblas==3.8.0=10_mkl -> libopenblas==0.3.7=h29e5d5d_0 -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> llvm-meta[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
libblas -> libopenblas==0.3.7=h29e5d5d_0 -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> llvm-meta[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
scikit-learn -> libcblas[version='>=3.8.0,<4.0a0'] -> libblas==3.8.0=14_openblas -> libopenblas==0.3.7=h29e5d5d_0 -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> llvm-meta[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
basemap=1.2.1 -> numpy[version='>=1.14.6,<2.0a0'] -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> llvm-meta[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
seaborn -> numpy -> libblas[version='>=3.8.0,<4.0a0'] -> libopenblas==0.3.7=h29e5d5d_0 -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> llvm-meta[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
pyarrow -> numpy=1.11 -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> llvm-meta[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
libcblas -> libblas==3.8.0=14_openblas -> libopenblas==0.3.7=h29e5d5d_0 -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> llvm-meta[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
matplotlib -> numpy -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> llvm-meta[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
patsy -> numpy[version='>=1.4.0'] -> libblas[version='>=3.8.0,<4.0a0'] -> libopenblas==0.3.7=h29e5d5d_0 -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> llvm-meta[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
numba -> numpy[version='>=1.11,<1.12.0a0'] -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> llvm-meta[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
numpy -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> llvm-meta[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
Package clangdev conflicts for:
libblas -> libopenblas==0.3.7=h29e5d5d_0 -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> clangdev[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
basemap=1.2.1 -> numpy[version='>=1.14.6,<2.0a0'] -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> clangdev[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
scikit-learn -> libcblas[version='>=3.8.0,<4.0a0'] -> libblas==3.8.0=14_openblas -> libopenblas==0.3.7=h29e5d5d_0 -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> clangdev[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
matplotlib-base -> numpy[version='>=1.14.6,<2.0a0'] -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> clangdev[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
seaborn -> numpy -> libblas[version='>=3.8.0,<4.0a0'] -> libopenblas==0.3.7=h29e5d5d_0 -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> clangdev[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
blas -> openblas -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> clangdev[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
libcblas -> libblas==3.8.0=14_openblas -> libopenblas==0.3.7=h29e5d5d_0 -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> clangdev[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
bokeh -> numpy[version='>=1.7.1'] -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> clangdev[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
wordcloud -> numpy -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> clangdev[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
matplotlib -> numpy -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> clangdev[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
fastparquet -> numpy[version='>=1.11'] -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> clangdev[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
numpy -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> clangdev[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
numba -> numpy[version='>=1.11,<1.12.0a0'] -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> clangdev[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
nltk -> numpy -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> clangdev[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
scipy -> blas==1.0=mkl -> libblas==3.8.0=10_mkl -> libopenblas==0.3.7=h29e5d5d_0 -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> clangdev[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
mkl-service -> numpy[version='>=1.11.3,<2.0a0'] -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> clangdev[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
pyarrow -> numpy=1.11 -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> clangdev[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
parquet-cpp -> arrow-cpp=0.5 -> numpy[version='>=1.16,<2.0a0'] -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> clangdev[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
pandas -> numpy[version='>=1.11.*'] -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> clangdev[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
liblapack -> libblas==3.8.0=14_openblas -> libopenblas==0.3.7=h29e5d5d_0 -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> clangdev[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
arrow-cpp -> numpy[version='>=1.16,<2.0a0'] -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> clangdev[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
statsmodels -> numpy=1.11 -> libblas[version='>=3.8.0,<4.0a0'] -> libopenblas==0.3.7=h29e5d5d_0 -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> clangdev[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
patsy -> numpy[version='>=1.4.0'] -> libblas[version='>=3.8.0,<4.0a0'] -> libopenblas==0.3.7=h29e5d5d_0 -> libflang[version='>=5.0.0'] -> openmp==5.0.0 -> clangdev[version='5.0.0|5.0.0.*']
我不知道下一步该怎么做，既llvm-meta没有clangdev安装也没有安装在环境中，那么为什么会与不存在的软件包发生冲突？
安装 Basemap 1.2.0 时，也没有安装这些软件包，因此除非在 1.2.1 版中更改依赖项，否则这对我来说毫无意义。
我也不知道要向哪个 github 报告这个问题，任何建议都会有所帮助。
这是输出conda list：
# Name Version Build Channel
alabaster 0.7.12 py_0 conda-forge
arrow-cpp 0.15.0 py37h5c295ed_0 conda-forge
asn1crypto 1.2.0 py37_0 conda-forge
astroid 2.3.2 py37_0 conda-forge
attrs 19.3.0 py_0 conda-forge
babel 2.7.0 py_0 conda-forge
backcall 0.1.0 py_0 conda-forge
beautifulsoup4 4.8.1 py37_0 conda-forge
blas 1.0 mkl
bleach 3.1.0 py_0 conda-forge
bokeh 1.3.4 py37_0 conda-forge
boost-cpp 1.70.0 h6a4c333_2 conda-forge
brotli 1.0.7 he025d50_1000 conda-forge
bzip2 1.0.8 hfa6e2cd_1 conda-forge
c-ares 1.15.0 h2fa13f4_1001 conda-forge
ca-certificates 2019.9.11 hecc5488_0 conda-forge
certifi 2019.6.16 py37_1 conda-forge
cffi 1.13.1 py37hb32ad35_0 conda-forge
chardet 3.0.4 py37_1003 conda-forge
cloudpickle 1.2.2 py_0 conda-forge
colorama 0.4.1 py_0 conda-forge
console_shortcut 0.1.1 3
cryptography 2.7 py37hb32ad35_0 conda-forge
cycler 0.10.0 py_2 conda-forge
cython 0.29.13 py37h6538335_0 conda-forge
decorator 4.4.1 py_0 conda-forge
defusedxml 0.6.0 py_0 conda-forge
docopt 0.6.2 pypi_0 pypi
docutils 0.15.2 py37_0 conda-forge
double-conversion 3.1.5 h6538335_1 conda-forge
easyprocess 0.2.7 pypi_0 pypi
entrypoints 0.3 py37_1000 conda-forge
et_xmlfile 1.0.1 py_1001 conda-forge
fastcache 1.1.0 py37hfa6e2cd_0 conda-forge
fastparquet 0.3.2 py37hc8d92b1_0 conda-forge
freetype 2.10.0 h563cfd7_1 conda-forge
future 0.18.1 py37_0 conda-forge
fuzzywuzzy 0.17.0 py_0 conda-forge
gflags 2.2.2 he025d50_1002 conda-forge
glog 0.4.0 he025d50_1 conda-forge
googletrans 2.4.0 pypi_0 pypi
grpc-cpp 1.23.0 h4d7d3fa_0 conda-forge
hdfs 2.5.8 pypi_0 pypi
ibm_db 3.0.1 py37hfa6e2cd_1 conda-forge
icc_rt 2019.0.0 h0cc432a_1
icu 64.2 he025d50_1 conda-forge
idna 2.8 py37_1000 conda-forge
imagesize 1.1.0 py_0 conda-forge
importlib_metadata 0.23 py37_0 conda-forge
intel-openmp 2019.4 245
ipykernel 5.1.3 py37h5ca1d4c_0 conda-forge
ipython 7.9.0 py37h5ca1d4c_0 conda-forge
ipython_genutils 0.2.0 py_1 conda-forge
isort 4.3.21 py37_0 conda-forge
jdcal 1.4.1 py_0 conda-forge
jedi 0.15.1 py37_0 conda-forge
jinja2 2.10.3 py_0 conda-forge
joblib 0.14.0 py_0 conda-forge
jpeg 9c hfa6e2cd_1001 conda-forge
jsonschema 3.1.1 py37_0 conda-forge
jupyter_client 5.3.3 py37_1 conda-forge
jupyter_core 4.5.0 py_0 conda-forge
keyring 19.2.0 py37_0 conda-forge
kiwisolver 1.1.0 py37he980bc4_0 conda-forge
langid 1.1.6 pypi_0 pypi
lazy-object-proxy 1.4.3 py37hfa6e2cd_0 conda-forge
libblas 3.8.0 14_mkl conda-forge
libcblas 3.8.0 14_mkl conda-forge
libclang 9.0.0 h74a9793_1 conda-forge
liblapack 3.8.0 14_mkl conda-forge
libpng 1.6.37 h7602738_0 conda-forge
libprotobuf 3.8.0 h1a1b453_0 conda-forge
libsodium 1.0.17 h2fa13f4_0 conda-forge
libtiff 4.0.10 h6512ee2_1003 conda-forge
llvmlite 0.30.0 py37_0 conda-forge
lz4-c 1.8.3 he025d50_1001 conda-forge
markupsafe 1.1.1 py37hfa6e2cd_0 conda-forge
matplotlib 3.1.1 py37_1 conda-forge
matplotlib-base 3.1.1 py37h2852a4a_1 conda-forge
mccabe 0.6.1 py_1 conda-forge
mistune 0.8.4 py37hfa6e2cd_1000 conda-forge
mkl 2019.4 245
mkl-service 2.3.0 py37hfa6e2cd_0 conda-forge
more-itertools 7.2.0 py_0 conda-forge
mpmath 1.1.0 py_0 conda-forge
nbconvert 5.6.1 py37_0 conda-forge
nbformat 4.4.0 py_1 conda-forge
networkx 2.4 py_0 conda-forge
nltk 3.4.4 py_0 conda-forge
numba 0.46.0 py37hf9181ef_0
numpy 1.17.3 py37hc71023c_0 conda-forge
numpydoc 0.9.1 py_0 conda-forge
olefile 0.46 py_0 conda-forge
openpyxl 3.0.0 py_0 conda-forge
openssl 1.1.1c hfa6e2cd_0 conda-forge
packaging 19.2 py_0 conda-forge
pandas 0.25.2 py37he350917_0 conda-forge
pandoc 2.7.3 0 conda-forge
pandocfilters 1.4.2 py_1 conda-forge
parquet 1.2 pypi_0 pypi
parquet-cpp 1.5.1 2 conda-forge
parso 0.5.1 py_0 conda-forge
patsy 0.5.1 py_0 conda-forge
pickleshare 0.7.5 py37_1000 conda-forge
pillow 6.2.1 py37h643dfcc_0 conda-forge
pip 19.3.1 py37_0 conda-forge
ply 3.11 pypi_0 pypi
powershell_shortcut 0.0.1 2
proj 6.2.0 ha7a8c7b_1 conda-forge
prompt_toolkit 2.0.10 py_0 conda-forge
psutil 5.6.3 py37hfa6e2cd_0 conda-forge
pure-sasl 0.6.1 py_0 conda-forge
pyarrow 0.15.0 py37h803c963_1 conda-forge
pycodestyle 2.5.0 py_0 conda-forge
pycparser 2.19 py37_1 conda-forge
pyflakes 2.1.1 py_0 conda-forge
pygments 2.4.2 py_0 conda-forge
pyhive 0.6.1 py37_0
pylint 2.4.3 py37_0 conda-forge
pyopenssl 19.0.0 py37_0 conda-forge
pyparsing 2.4.2 py_0 conda-forge
pyqt 5.12.3 py37h6538335_0 conda-forge
pyqt5-sip 4.19.18 pypi_0 pypi
pyqtwebengine 5.12.1 pypi_0 pypi
pyrsistent 0.15.5 py37hfa6e2cd_0 conda-forge
pysocks 1.7.1 py37_0 conda-forge
python 3.7.3 h510b542_1 conda-forge
python-dateutil 2.8.0 py_0 conda-forge
python-levenshtein 0.12.0 py37hfa6e2cd_1001 conda-forge
python-snappy 0.5.4 py37hd25c944_0 conda-forge
pytz 2019.3 py_0 conda-forge
pyunpack 0.1.2 pypi_0 pypi
pywin32 224 py37hfa6e2cd_1000 conda-forge
pywin32-ctypes 0.2.0 py37_1000 conda-forge
pyyaml 5.1.2 py37hfa6e2cd_0 conda-forge
pyzmq 18.1.0 py37h16f9016_0 conda-forge
qt 5.12.5 h7ef1ec2_0 conda-forge
qtawesome 0.6.0 py_0 conda-forge
qtconsole 4.5.5 py_0 conda-forge
qtpy 1.9.0 py_0 conda-forge
re2 2019.09.01 vc14h6538335_0 [vc14] conda-forge
regex 2019.08.19 py37hfa6e2cd_0 conda-forge
requests 2.22.0 py37_1 conda-forge
rope 0.14.0 py_0 conda-forge
scikit-learn 0.21.3 py37h7208079_0 conda-forge
scipy 1.3.1 py37h29ff71c_0
seaborn 0.9.0 py_1 conda-forge
setuptools 41.6.0 py37_0 conda-forge
six 1.12.0 py37_1000 conda-forge
snappy 1.1.7 h6538335_1002 conda-forge
snowballstemmer 2.0.0 py_0 conda-forge
soupsieve 1.9.4 py37_0 conda-forge
sphinx 2.2.1 py_0 conda-forge
sphinxcontrib-applehelp 1.0.1 py_0 conda-forge
sphinxcontrib-devhelp 1.0.1 py_0 conda-forge
sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp 1.0.2 py_0 conda-forge
sphinxcontrib-jsmath 1.0.1 py_0 conda-forge
sphinxcontrib-qthelp 1.0.2 py_0 conda-forge
sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml 1.1.3 py_0 conda-forge
spyder 3.3.6 py37_1 conda-forge
spyder-kernels 0.5.2 py37_0 conda-forge
sqlalchemy 1.3.10 py37hfa6e2cd_0 conda-forge
sqlite 3.30.1 hfa6e2cd_0 conda-forge
statsmodels 0.10.1 py37hfa6e2cd_1 conda-forge
sympy 1.4 py37_0 conda-forge
tbb 2019.9 he980bc4_0 conda-forge
testpath 0.4.2 py_1001 conda-forge
thrift 0.11.0 py37h6538335_1001 conda-forge
thrift-cpp 0.12.0 hd042d19_1004 conda-forge
thrift_sasl 0.3.0 py37hfa6e2cd_1001 conda-forge
thriftpy 0.3.9 pypi_0 pypi
tk 8.6.9 hfa6e2cd_1003 conda-forge
tornado 6.0.3 py37hfa6e2cd_0 conda-forge
tqdm 4.36.1 py_0 conda-forge
traitlets 4.3.3 py37_0 conda-forge
unidecode 1.1.1 py_0 conda-forge
uriparser 0.9.3 he025d50_1 conda-forge
urllib3 1.25.6 py37_0 conda-forge
vc 14.1 h0510ff6_4
vs2015_runtime 14.16.27012 hf0eaf9b_0
wcwidth 0.1.7 py_1 conda-forge
webencodings 0.5.1 py_1 conda-forge
wheel 0.33.6 py37_0 conda-forge
win_inet_pton 1.1.0 py37_0 conda-forge
wincertstore 0.2 py37_1002 conda-forge
wordcloud 1.5.0 py37hfa6e2cd_1000 conda-forge
wrapt 1.11.2 py37hfa6e2cd_0 conda-forge
xlrd 1.2.0 py_0 conda-forge
xlsxwriter 1.2.2 py_0 conda-forge
xmljson 0.2.0 pypi_0 pypi
xmltodict 0.12.0 py_0 conda-forge
xz 5.2.4 h2fa13f4_1001 conda-forge
yaml 0.1.7 hfa6e2cd_1001 conda-forge
zeromq 4.3.2 h6538335_2 conda-forge
zipp 0.6.0 py_0 conda-forge
zlib 1.2.11 h2fa13f4_1006 conda-forge
zstd 1.4.0 hd8a0e53_0 conda-forge
在不同的 github 中长时间搜索并进行试验后，我发现这里有两个不同的问题：
首先是 Spyder/Anaconda/Miniconda 的问题，特别是在创建新的 Conda 环境时自动创建的 Windows 快捷方式。由于某种原因使用该快捷方式启动 Spyder 不会设置 PROJ_LIB 环境变量，而从活动环境中的控制台启动 Spyder 可以消除错误。
其次，我发现我安装的版本是这些：
basemap 1.2.0 py37h4e5d7af_0
proj 6.2.0 ha7a8c7b_1 conda-forge
pyproj 2.4.0 py37h77f86b8_0 conda-forge
显然这是一个拙劣的安装，因为espg环境中的任何地方都没有文件。
我创建了一个新的测试环境，一切正常，并查看了安装在那里的版本：
basemap 1.2.1 py37h79c95a4_1 conda-forge
proj4 5.2.0 ha925a31_1
pyproj 1.9.6 py37h6782396_0
删除旧版本并专门安装这些版本后，现在一切正常。
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我来说两句