如何使用矩阵的不同幂生成图

要计算矩阵的幂，您可以使用expm包或matrixcalc包：

A <- toeplitz(c(1,2,3)) # a square matrix
A
#       [,1] [,2] [,3]
# [1,]    1    2    3
# [2,]    2    1    2
# [3,]    3    2    1

library(expm)
A %^% 2
#       [,1] [,2] [,3]
# [1,]   14   10   10
# [2,]   10    9   10
# [3,]   10   10   14

library(matrixcalc)
matrix.power(A, 2)
#       [,1] [,2] [,3]
# [1,]   14   10   10
# [2,]   10    9   10
# [3,]   10   10   14

对于情节：

powers <- 0:8
Apowers <- lapply(powers, function(k) A %^% k)
norms <- sapply(Apowers, norm, type = "1")

plot(powers, norms)