pygame spritesheet 精灵动画

我正在尝试使用 4 个不同的精灵表（向上、向下、向左和向右移动）为我的精灵（4 个方向）制作行走动画。除此之外，我想用图像替换彩色方块，但不确定我应该如何做到这一点。下面是 main.py 游戏文件：

import pygame as pg
import sys
from settings import *
from os import path
from sprites import *
from tilemap import *

class Spritesheet:
    def __init__(self, filename, cols, rows):
        self.sheet = pg.image.load(filename)

        self.cols = cols  #no. of columns in spritesheet
        self.rows = rows  #no. of rows
        self.totalCellCount = cols*rows
        self.rect=self.sheet.get_rect()
        w = self.cellWidth = self.rect.width / cols
        h = self.cellHeight = self.rect.height / rows
        hw, hh = self.cellCenter = (w / 2, h / 2)

        self.cells = list([(index % cols * w, index // cols * h, w, h) for index in range(self.totalCellCount)])
        self.handle = list([
            (0, 0), (-hw, 0), (-w, 0),
            (0, -hh), (-hw, -hh), (-w, -hh),
            (0, -h), (-hw, -h), (-w, -h),])


    def draw(self, surface, cellIndex, x, y, handle = 0):
        surface.blit(self.sheet, (x + self.handle[handle][0], y + self.handle[handle][1]), self.cells[cellIndex])

CENTER_HANDLE = 4
index = 0

class Game:
    def __init__(self):
        pg.init()
        self.screen=pg.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
        pg.display.set_caption(TITLE)
        self.clock = pg.time.Clock()
        pg.key.set_repeat(500, 100)
        self.load_data()

    def load_data(self):
        game_folder = path.dirname(__file__)
        img_folder = path.join(game_folder, 'img')
        self.map= Map(path.join(game_folder, 'map.txt'))

    def new(self):
        # initialize all variables and do all the setup for a new game
        self.all_sprites = pg.sprite.Group()
        self.walls = pg.sprite.Group()
        self.player1group = pg.sprite.Group()
        self.player2group = pg.sprite.Group()
        for row, tiles in enumerate(self.map.data):
            for col, tile in enumerate(tiles):
                if tile == '1':
                    Wall(self, col, row)
                if tile =='P':
                    self.player = Civilian(self, col, row)
                if tile =='T':
                    self.player2 = Thief(self, col, row)




    def run(self):
        # game loop - set self.playing = False to end the game
        self.playing = True
        while self.playing:
            self.dt = self.clock.tick(FPS) / 1000
            self.events()
            self.update()
            self.draw()

    def quit(self):
        pg.quit()   #Calls the quit function, game window closes
        sys.exit()

    def update(self):
        # update portion of the game loop
        self.all_sprites.update()   #All sprite attributes, position etc are updated

    def draw_grid(self):
        for x in range(0, WIDTH, TILESIZE):
            pg.draw.line(self.screen, LIGHTGREY, (x, 0), (x, HEIGHT))
        for y in range(0, HEIGHT, TILESIZE):
            pg.draw.line(self.screen, LIGHTGREY, (0, y), (WIDTH, y))

    def draw(self):
        self.screen.fill(BGCOLOR)
        self.draw_grid()
        self.all_sprites.draw(self.screen)
        pg.display.flip()


    def events(self):
        # catch all events here
        for event in pg.event.get():
            if event.type == pg.QUIT:
                self.quit()
            if event.type == pg.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pg.K_ESCAPE:
                    self.quit()


    def show_start_screen(self):
        pass

    def show_go_screen(self):
        pass





# create the game object
g = Game()
g.show_start_screen()
while True:
    g.new()
    g.run()
    g.show_go_screen()

这是 sprites.py 文件，续。精灵类

import pygame as pg
from settings import *
vec = pg.math.Vector2

class Civilian(pg.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, game, x, y):
        self.groups = game.all_sprites, game.player1group
        pg.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self, self.groups)
        self.game = game
        self.image = pg.Surface((TILESIZE, TILESIZE))
        self.image.fill(YELLOW)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.vel = vec(0, 0)
        self.pos = vec(x, y) * TILESIZE

    def get_keys(self):
        self.vel= vec(0, 0)
        keys = pg.key.get_pressed()
        if keys[pg.K_a]:    # Const. subtracts player speed from velocity (E.g. Moves sprite to the left)
            self.vel.x= -PLAYER_SPEED
        if keys[pg.K_d]:    # Const. adds player speed value to velocity (E.g. Moves sprite to the right)
            self.vel.x= PLAYER_SPEED
        if keys[pg.K_w]:    # Const. subtracts player speed value from y velocity (Moves player upwards; opposite)
            self.vel.y= -PLAYER_SPEED
        if keys[pg.K_s]: # Const. adds player speed value to y velocity (Moves player downwards; opposite)
            self.vel.y= PLAYER_SPEED
        if self.vel.x != 0 and self.vel.y != 0:   # Offsetting increased vecocity when moving diagonally (Has both x and y velocity)
            self.vel *= 0.7071

    def collide_with_player2(self, dir, ifColliding):
        if dir == 'x':
            collides = pg.sprite.spritecollide(self, self.game.player2group, False)
            if collides:
                if self.vel.x > 0:
                    self.pos.x = collides[0].rect.left - self.rect.width
                if self.vel.x < 0:
                    self.pos.x = collides[0].rect.right
                self.vel.x = 0
                self.rect.x = self.pos.x
                print("collide x")
                self.ifColliding = True

        if dir == 'y':
            collides = pg.sprite.spritecollide(self, self.game.player2group, False)
            if collides:
                if self.vel.y > 0:
                    self.pos.y = collides[0].rect.top - self.rect.height
                if self.vel.y < 0:
                    self.pos.y = collides[0].rect.bottom
                self.vel.y = 0
                self.rect.y = self.pos.y
                print("collide y")
                self.ifColliding = True



    def collide_with_walls(self, dir):
        if dir == 'x':
            collides = pg.sprite.spritecollide(self, self.game.walls, False)
            if collides:
                if self.vel.x > 0:
                    self.pos.x = collides[0].rect.left - self.rect.width
                if self.vel.x < 0:
                    self.pos.x = collides[0].rect.right
                self.vel.x = 0
                self.rect.x = self.pos.x
        if dir == 'y':
            collides = pg.sprite.spritecollide(self, self.game.walls, False)
            if collides:
                if self.vel.y > 0:
                    self.pos.y = collides[0].rect.top - self.rect.height
                if self.vel.y < 0:
                    self.pos.y = collides[0].rect.bottom
                self.vel.y = 0
                self.rect.y = self.pos.y

    def update(self):
        self.ifColliding = False
        self.get_keys()
        self.pos += self.vel * self.game.dt
        self.rect.x = self.pos.x
        self.collide_with_walls('x'), self.collide_with_player2('x', self.ifColliding)
        self.rect.y = self.pos.y
        self.collide_with_walls('y'), self.collide_with_player2('y', self.ifColliding)
        if self.ifColliding == True:
            Thief.health -= COL_DAMAGE
            print(Thief.health)

class Thief(pg.sprite.Sprite):
    health = 100
    def __init__(self, game, x, y):
        self.groups = game.all_sprites, game.player2group
        pg.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self, self.groups)
        self.game = game
        self.image = pg.Surface((TILESIZE, TILESIZE))
        self.image.fill(RED)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.vel = vec(0, 0)
        self.pos = vec(x, y) * TILESIZE
        s = Spritesheet("spritesheet_thief.png", 9, 4)




    def get_keys(self):
        self.vel = vec(0, 0)
        keys = pg.key.get_pressed()
        if keys[pg.K_LEFT]:    # Const. subtracts player speed from velocity (E.g. Moves sprite to the left)
            self.vel.x= -PLAYER_SPEED
        elif keys[pg.K_RIGHT]:    # Const. adds player speed value to velocity (E.g. Moves sprite to the right)
            self.vel.x= PLAYER_SPEED
        elif keys[pg.K_UP]:    # Const. subtracts player speed value from y velocity (Moves player upwards; opposite)
            self.vel.y= -PLAYER_SPEED
        elif keys[pg.K_DOWN]: # Const. adds player speed value to y velocity (Moves player downwards; opposite)
            self.vel.y= PLAYER_SPEED
        elif self.vel.x != 0 and self.vel.y != 0:   # Offsetting increased vecocity when moving diagonally (Has both x and y velocity)
            self.vel *= 0.7071

    def collide_with_player1(self, dir, ifColliding):
        if dir == 'x':
            collides = pg.sprite.spritecollide(self, self.game.player1group, False)
            if collides:
                if self.vel.x > 0:
                    self.pos.x = collides[0].rect.left - self.rect.width
                if self.vel.x < 0:
                    self.pos.x = collides[0].rect.right
                self.vel.x = 0
                self.rect.x = self.pos.x
                print("collide x")
                self.ifColliding = True

        if dir == 'y':
            collides = pg.sprite.spritecollide(self, self.game.player1group, False)
            if collides:
                if self.vel.y > 0:
                    self.pos.y = collides[0].rect.top - self.rect.height
                if self.vel.y < 0:
                    self.pos.y = collides[0].rect.bottom
                self.vel.y = 0
                self.rect.y = self.pos.y
                print("collide y")
                self.ifColliding = True





    def collide_with_walls(self, dir):
        if dir == 'x':
            collides = pg.sprite.spritecollide(self, self.game.walls, False)
            if collides:
                if self.vel.x > 0:
                    self.pos.x = collides[0].rect.left - self.rect.width
                if self.vel.x < 0:
                    self.pos.x = collides[0].rect.right
                self.vel.x = 0
                self.rect.x = self.pos.x
        if dir == 'y':
            collides = pg.sprite.spritecollide(self, self.game.walls, False)
            if collides:
                if self.vel.y > 0:
                    self.pos.y = collides[0].rect.top - self.rect.height
                if self.vel.y < 0:
                    self.pos.y = collides[0].rect.bottom
                self.vel.y = 0
                self.rect.y = self.pos.y


    def update(self):
        s.draw(self.game.screen, index % s.totalCellCount, HW, HH, CENTER_HANDLE)
        index += 1
        self.ifColliding = False
        self.get_keys()
        self.pos += self.vel * self.game.dt
        self.rect.x = self.pos.x
        self.collide_with_walls('x'), self.collide_with_player1('x', self.ifColliding)
        self.rect.y = self.pos.y
        self.collide_with_walls('y'), self.collide_with_player1('y', self.ifColliding)
        if Thief.health <= 0:
            self.kill()



class Wall(pg.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, game, x, y):
        self.groups = game.all_sprites, game.walls
        pg.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self, self.groups)
        self.game = game
        self.image = pg.Surface((TILESIZE, TILESIZE))
        self.image.fill(GREEN)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.rect.x = x * TILESIZE
        self.rect.y = y * TILESIZE

希望根据精灵移动的方向穿过精灵表中的一行单元格并将其设置为精灵图像（给人一种玩家精灵动画的错觉）

任何帮助将不胜感激，对不起，如果问题令人困惑，第一次使用该网站并且在当前阶段不太擅长编码。