我使用的是运行 Ubuntu 18.04 的相对较新的戴尔 XPS。它有一个 Intel VGA 控制器和一个 Nvidia 3D 控制器。

笔记本电脑被困在960×540分辨率的前几天，所以我通过安装Nvidia驱动v390NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-390.116.run从https://www.nvidia.com/object/unix.html。（为安全 UEFI 启动签署内核模块是一次冒险）。

编辑 2：我禁用了安全启动，删除了手动安装的 nvidia-390，并使用了

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers && sudo apt update

, 其次是sudo ubuntu-drivers-autoinstall代替。这导致没有变化，除了nvidia kernel module现在加载gpu-manager.log（如下所示）。

我将 Wayland 禁用为 XDG_SESSION_TYPE、列入黑名单的 nouveau 等。

昨晚我的系统成功启动并为我提供了各种分辨率选项。然而，今天，启动笔记本电脑让我进入黑屏（尽管它会发出登录屏幕通常发出的烦人的响亮的声音。）

我设法 Ctrl-Alt-F4 进入终端并弄乱了一点，但无济于事。当我在以前的内核版本上以恢复模式启动时，我最终能够启动 X 服务器。

编辑：重新启动到错误状态并获得所有实际信息，现在发布在下面。

以下是一些相关命令的输出。

系统信息

$ uname -r
4.18.0-22-generic

$ lspci -k | grep -A 2 VGA
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Device 3e9b
    Subsystem: Dell Device 087c
    Kernel modules: i915
$ lspci -k | grep -A 2 3D
01:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP107M [GeForce GTX 1050 Ti Mobile] (rev a1)
    Subsystem: Dell GP107M [GeForce GTX 1050 Ti Mobile]
    Kernel driver in use: nvidia

$ lshw -c video
  *-display
       description: 3D controller
       product: GP107M [GeForce GTX 1050 Ti Mobile]
       vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
       physical id: 0
       bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
       version: a1
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list rom
       configuration: driver=nvidia latency=0
       resources: irq:145 memory:ec000000-ecffffff memory:c0000000-cfffffff memory:d0000000-d1ffffff ioport:3000(size=128) memory:ed000000-ed07ffff
  *-display UNCLAIMED
       description: VGA compatible controller
       product: Intel Corporation
       vendor: Intel Corporation
       physical id: 2
       bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
       version: 00
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pciexpress msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list
       configuration: latency=0
       resources: memory:eb000000-ebffffff memory:80000000-8fffffff ioport:4000(size=64) memory:c0000-dffff

$ lsmod | grep i915
i915                 1740800  0
i2c_algo_bit           16384  1 i915
drm_kms_helper        172032  2 nvidia_drm,i915
drm                   458752  5 drm_kms_helper,nvidia_drm,i915
video                  45056  3 dell_wmi,dell_laptop,i915

$ lsmod | grep nvidia
nvidia_drm             40960  1
nvidia_modeset       1048576  2 nvidia_drm
nvidia              14376960  62 nvidia_modeset
ipmi_msghandler       102400  2 ipmi_devintf,nvidia
drm_kms_helper        172032  2 nvidia_drm,i915
drm                   458752  5 drm_kms_helper,nvidia_drm,i915

日志

$ cat /var/log/gpu-manager.log
log_file: /var/log/gpu-manager.log
last_boot_file: /var/lib/ubuntu-drivers-common/last_gfx_boot
new_boot_file: /var/lib/ubuntu-drivers-common/last_gfx_boot
can't access /opt/amdgpu-pro/bin/amdgpu-pro-px
Looking for nvidia modules in /lib/modules/4.18.0-22-generic/updates/dkms
Looking for amdgpu modules in /lib/modules/4.18.0-22-generic/updates/dkms
Is nvidia loaded? yes
Was nvidia unloaded? no
Is nvidia blacklisted? no
Is intel loaded? yes
Is radeon loaded? no
Is radeon blacklisted? no
Is amdgpu loaded? no
Is amdgpu blacklisted? no
Is amdgpu versioned? no
Is amdgpu pro stack? no
Is nouveau loaded? no
Is nouveau blacklisted? yes
Is nvidia kernel module available? yes ### Changed no -> yes after `ubuntu-drivers autoinstall`
Is amdgpu kernel module available? no
Vendor/Device Id: 8086:3e9b
BusID "PCI:0@0:2:0"
Is boot vga? yes
Error: can't access /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:02.0/driver
The device is not bound to any driver.
Vendor/Device Id: 10de:1c8c
BusID "PCI:1@0:0:0"
Is boot vga? no
Skipping "/dev/dri/card0", driven by "nvidia-drm"
Skipping "/dev/dri/card0", driven by "nvidia-drm"
Skipping "/dev/dri/card0", driven by "nvidia-drm"
Skipping "/dev/dri/card0", driven by "nvidia-drm"
Does it require offloading? no
last cards number = 2
Has amd? no
Has intel? yes
Has nvidia? yes
How many cards? 2
Has the system changed? No
Intel IGP detected
Desktop system detected
or laptop with open drivers
Nothing to do

$ grep "intel" /var/log/Xorg.0.log
[    17.851] (II) LoadModule: "intel"
[    17.851] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/intel_drv.so
[    17.853] (II) Module intel: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[    17.854] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) Integrated Graphics Chipsets:
[    17.854] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) HD Graphics
[    17.854] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) Iris(TM) Graphics
[    17.854] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) Iris(TM) Pro Graphics
[    17.885] (II) UnloadModule: "intel"
[    17.885] (II) Unloading intel

$ grep -i "nvidia" /var/log/Xorg.0.log
[    17.824] (**) OutputClass "Nvidia Prime" ModulePath extended to "/x86_64-linux-gnu/nvidia/xorg,/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
[    17.847] (II) LoadModule: "nvidia"
[    17.847] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/nvidia_drv.so
[    17.851] (II) Module nvidia: vendor="NVIDIA Corporation"
[    17.911] (II) NVIDIA(0): [DRI2]   VDPAU driver: nvidia

最后，从dmesg | grep -i intel以下选择：

[    0.000000] Reserving Intel graphics memory at [mem 0x7b800000-0x7f7fffff]]
...
[   16.776901] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1f.3: enabling device (0000 -> 0002)
[   16.788741] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1f.3: failed to add i915 component master (-19)

问题

似乎正在发生的事情是 nvidia 驱动程序加载成功，但由于某种原因，英特尔驱动程序没有与英特尔 VGA 设备相关联，我不知道为什么。

如何让 Ubuntu 再次将英特尔驱动程序绑定到我的 VGA 卡？指向正确方向的指针会有所帮助。