如何在Windows上安全地转义cmd.exe Shell的命令行参数？

引用Windows命令行的问题在于，有两个受引用影响的分层解析引擎。首先，有cmd.exe解释某些特殊字符的Shell（例如）。然后，有一个调用程序解析命令行。CommandLineToArgvWWindows提供的功能经常会发生这种情况，但并非总是如此。

就是说，对于一般情况，例如，使用cmd.exe与程序一起解析其命令行的程序CommandLineToArgvW，您可以使用Daniel Colascione在《每个人都用错误的方式引号命令行参数》中描述的技术。我最初尝试将其适应Ruby，现在尝试将其转换为python。

import re

def escape_argument(arg):
    # Escape the argument for the cmd.exe shell.
    # See http://blogs.msdn.com/b/twistylittlepassagesallalike/archive/2011/04/23/everyone-quotes-arguments-the-wrong-way.aspx
    #
    # First we escape the quote chars to produce a argument suitable for
    # CommandLineToArgvW. We don't need to do this for simple arguments.

    if not arg or re.search(r'(["\s])', arg):
        arg = '"' + arg.replace('"', r'\"') + '"'

    return escape_for_cmd_exe(arg)

def escape_for_cmd_exe(arg):
    # Escape an argument string to be suitable to be passed to
    # cmd.exe on Windows
    #
    # This method takes an argument that is expected to already be properly
    # escaped for the receiving program to be properly parsed. This argument
    # will be further escaped to pass the interpolation performed by cmd.exe
    # unchanged.
    #
    # Any meta-characters will be escaped, removing the ability to e.g. use
    # redirects or variables.
    #
    # @param arg [String] a single command line argument to escape for cmd.exe
    # @return [String] an escaped string suitable to be passed as a program
    #   argument to cmd.exe

    meta_chars = '()%!^"<>&|'
    meta_re = re.compile('(' + '|'.join(re.escape(char) for char in list(meta_chars)) + ')')
    meta_map = { char: "^%s" % char for char in meta_chars }

    def escape_meta_chars(m):
        char = m.group(1)
        return meta_map[char]

    return meta_re.sub(escape_meta_chars, arg)

应用此代码，您应该能够成功转义cmd.exe Shell的参数。

print escape_argument('''some arg with spaces''')
# ^"some arg with spaces^"

请注意，该方法应引用单个完整参数。如果要从多个来源收集参数，例如，通过构建一串python代码以传递给python命令，则必须在将其传递给之前对其进行汇编escape_argument。

import os

CMD = '''string with spaces and &weird^ charcters!'''
os.system('python -c "import sys; print(sys.argv[1])" {0}'.format(escape_argument(CMD)))
# string with spaces and &weird^ charcters!