我在外部 SSD 硬盘上安装了 Ubuntu,主硬盘上安装了 Windows。
当我在 SSD 上安装 Ubuntu 时,它应该让我选择启动到 Ubuntu 或 Windows,但是 PC 直接启动到 Ubuntu,而没有给我任何启动到 Windows 或 Ubuntu 的选择......
我怎样才能改变它?
顺便说一句,我使用 Ubuntu 并在其上保存了重要数据,不想丢失它或丢失 Windows 数据
有什么建议么?
只需安装 rEFInd 启动管理器包:
sudo apt install refind
并自动在 ESP/EFI 分区上安装启动管理器:
sudo refind-install
或自定义(如在 U 盘分区上):
sudo refind-install --usedefault "/dev/sdX1" # X1 = example: /dev/sdb1
并重新启动,它会启动自动发现所有驱动器上的所有可启动分区。
另一个技巧是在启动过程中按 F12 打开引导菜单。
排除故障?启动像 Ubuntu 18.04 这样的 Live Stick。下载并写入 U 盘:
dd if=Downloads/ubuntu-18.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso of=/dev/sdx
bs=$((1024**2)) /dev/sdx
/dev/sdx 是您的目标驱动器,如 /dev/sdb 或 /dev/sdc。
使用 gnome-disks 打开所有 ESP/EFI 分区并在终端中检查 subdir 结构类型:
find \`mount | grep vfat | sort | head -1 | awk '{ print $3 }'\`
这可能/应该看起来像:
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/ /media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/ubuntu /media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/ubuntu/fw
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/ubuntu/fwupx64.efi
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/ubuntu/shimx64.efi
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/ubuntu/mmx64.efi
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/ubuntu/BOOTX64.CSV
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/fbx64.efi
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/drivers_x64
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/drivers_x64/ext4_x64.efi
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/README
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/arrow_left.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/arrow_right.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/boot_linux.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/boot_win.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/func_about.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/func_csr_rotate.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/func_exit.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/func_firmware.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/func_hidden.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/func_reset.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/func_shutdown.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/mouse.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_arch.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_centos.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_chakra.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_chrome.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_clover.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_crunchbang.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_debian.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_devuan.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_elementary.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_fedora.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_freebsd.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_frugalware.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_gentoo.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_gummiboot.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_haiku.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_hwtest.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_kubuntu.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_legacy.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_linux.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_linuxmint.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_lubuntu.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_mac.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_mageia.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_mandriva.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_netbsd.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_network.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_opensuse.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_redhat.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_refind.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_refit.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_slackware.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_suse.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_trusty.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_ubuntu.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_unknown.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_win.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_win8.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_xenial.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_xubuntu.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/os_zesty.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/tool_apple_rescue.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/tool_fwupdate.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/tool_memtest.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/tool_mok_tool.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/tool_netboot.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/tool_part.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/tool_rescue.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/tool_shell.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/tool_windows_rescue.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/transparent.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/vol_external.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/vol_internal.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/vol_net.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/icons/vol_optical.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/keys
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/keys/altlinux.cer
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/keys/canonical-uefi-ca.der
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/keys/centos.cer
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/keys/fedora-ca.cer
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/keys/microsoft-kekca-public.der
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/keys/microsoft-pca-public.der
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/keys/microsoft-uefica-public.der
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/keys/openSUSE-UEFI-CA-Certificate-4096.cer
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/keys/openSUSE-UEFI-CA-Certificate.cer
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/keys/refind.cer
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/keys/refind_local.cer
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/keys/SLES-UEFI-CA-Certificate.cer
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/refind.conf
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/BOOT/BOOT.CSV /media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/refind_x64.efi
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/drivers_x64
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/drivers_x64/ext4_x64.efi
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/keys
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/keys/refind_local.cer
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/keys/refind_local.crt
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/keys/altlinux.cer
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/keys/canonical-uefi-ca.der
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/keys/centos.cer
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/keys/fedora-ca.cer
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/keys/microsoft-kekca-public.der
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/keys/microsoft-pca-public.der
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/keys/microsoft-uefica-public.der
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/keys/openSUSE-UEFI-CA-Certificate-4096.cer
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/keys/openSUSE-UEFI-CA-Certificate.cer
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/keys/refind.cer
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/keys/SLES-UEFI-CA-Certificate.cer
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/README
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/arrow_left.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/arrow_right.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/boot_linux.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/boot_win.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/func_about.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/func_csr_rotate.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/func_exit.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/func_firmware.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/func_hidden.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/func_reset.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/func_shutdown.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/mouse.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_arch.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_centos.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_chakra.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_chrome.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_clover.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_crunchbang.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_debian.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_devuan.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_elementary.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_fedora.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_freebsd.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_frugalware.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_gentoo.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_gummiboot.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_haiku.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_hwtest.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_kubuntu.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_legacy.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_linux.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_linuxmint.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_lubuntu.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_mac.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_mageia.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_mandriva.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_netbsd.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_network.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_opensuse.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_redhat.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_refind.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_refit.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_slackware.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_suse.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_trusty.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_ubuntu.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_unknown.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_win.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_win8.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_xenial.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_xubuntu.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/os_zesty.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/tool_apple_rescue.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/tool_fwupdate.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/tool_memtest.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/tool_mok_tool.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/tool_netboot.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/tool_part.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/tool_rescue.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/tool_shell.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/tool_windows_rescue.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/transparent.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/vol_external.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/vol_internal.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/vol_net.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons/vol_optical.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/refind.conf
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/BOOT.CSV
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/README
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/arrow_left.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/arrow_right.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/boot_linux.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/boot_win.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/func_about.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/func_csr_rotate.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/func_exit.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/func_firmware.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/func_hidden.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/func_reset.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/func_shutdown.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/mouse.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_arch.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_centos.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_chakra.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_chrome.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_clover.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_crunchbang.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_debian.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_devuan.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_elementary.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_fedora.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_freebsd.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_frugalware.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_gentoo.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_gummiboot.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_haiku.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_hwtest.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_kubuntu.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_legacy.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_linux.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_linuxmint.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_lubuntu.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_mac.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_mageia.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_mandriva.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_netbsd.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_network.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_opensuse.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_redhat.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_refind.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_refit.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_slackware.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_suse.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_trusty.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_ubuntu.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_unknown.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_win.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_win8.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_xenial.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_xubuntu.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/os_zesty.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/tool_apple_rescue.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/tool_fwupdate.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/tool_memtest.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/tool_mok_tool.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/tool_netboot.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/tool_part.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/tool_rescue.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/tool_shell.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/tool_windows_rescue.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/transparent.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/vol_external.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/vol_internal.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/vol_net.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/icons-backup/vol_optical.png
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/refind/refind.conf-sample
/media/ron/DB9A-B328/EFI/tools
上面的refind subdir结构是因为我安装了rEFInd。
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我来说两句