使用JDK 6将XML文件加载到DOM中。必须针对XSD验证XML文件。XSD文件位置取决于运行环境。确保XML可以针对XSD进行验证，而不论目录结构如何，都需要目录解析器。一旦验证了XML，就可以对其进行转换。
我的理解是，可以使用DocumentBuilderFactory来配置这种验证。这可以通过将DocumentBuilder与XMLCatalogResolver一起使用来查找与XML文件关联的XSD文件（以及所有包含的文件）来实现。
有关使用目录派生的XSD验证XML文档的问题包括：
这些问题和答案大多数都引用了硬编码的XSD文件路径，或者使用SAX进行验证，或者与DTD有关，或者需要JDOM依赖项，或者没有任何转换。
没有规范的解决方案描述如何使用JAXP DOM将XML目录用于XSD验证，该目录随后通过XSLT进行转换。有一个号码的片段，但没有完整的，独立的例子，编译和运行（JDK 6下）。
我发布了一个从技术上来说似乎有效的答案，但过于冗长。
验证和转换XML文档的规范方法是什么（使用JDK 1.6库）？这是一种可能的算法：
源文件包括目录管理器属性文件，Java源代码，目录文件，XML数据，XSL文件和XSD文件。所有文件都相对于当前工作目录（./）。
该属性文件由CatalogResolver类读取。另存为./CatalogManager.properties：
catalogs=catalog.xml
relative-catalogs=yes
verbosity=99
prefer=system
static-catalog=yes
allow-oasis-xml-catalog-pi=yes
这是主要应用程序；另存为./src/TestXSD.java：
package src;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.URI;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import javax.xml.parsers.*;
import javax.xml.xpath.*;
import javax.xml.XMLConstants;
import org.w3c.dom.*;
import org.xml.sax.*;
import org.apache.xml.resolver.tools.CatalogResolver;
import org.apache.xerces.util.XMLCatalogResolver;
import static org.apache.xerces.jaxp.JAXPConstants.JAXP_SCHEMA_LANGUAGE;
import static org.apache.xerces.jaxp.JAXPConstants.W3C_XML_SCHEMA;
import javax.xml.validation.SchemaFactory;
import javax.xml.validation.Schema;
import javax.xml.validation.Validator;
import javax.xml.transform.Result;
import javax.xml.transform.Source;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.sax.SAXSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamSource;
/**
* Download http://xerces.apache.org/xml-commons/components/resolver/CatalogManager.properties
*/
public class TestXSD {
private final static String ENTITY_RESOLVER =
"http://apache.org/xml/properties/internal/entity-resolver";
/**
* This program reads an XML file, performs validation, reads an XSL
* file, transforms the input XML, and then writes the transformed document
* to standard output.
*
* args[0] - The XSL file used to transform the XML file
* args[1] - The XML file to transform using the XSL file
*/
public static void main( String args[] ) throws Exception {
// For validation error messages.
ErrorHandler errorHandler = new DocumentErrorHandler();
// Read the CatalogManager.properties file.
CatalogResolver resolver = new CatalogResolver();
XMLCatalogResolver xmlResolver = createXMLCatalogResolver( resolver );
logDebug( "READ XML INPUT SOURCE" );
// Load an XML document in preparation to transform it.
InputSource xmlInput = new InputSource( new InputStreamReader(
new FileInputStream( args[1] ) ) );
DocumentBuilderFactory dbFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
dbFactory.setAttribute( JAXP_SCHEMA_LANGUAGE, W3C_XML_SCHEMA );
dbFactory.setNamespaceAware( true );
DocumentBuilder builder = dbFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
builder.setEntityResolver( xmlResolver );
builder.setErrorHandler( errorHandler );
logDebug( "PARSE XML INTO DOCUMENT MODEL" );
Document xmlDocument = builder.parse( xmlInput );
logDebug( "CONVERT XML DOCUMENT MODEL INTO DOMSOURCE" );
DOMSource xml = new DOMSource( xmlDocument );
logDebug( "GET XML SCHEMA DEFINITION" );
String schemaURI = getSchemaURI( xmlDocument );
logDebug( "SCHEMA URI: " + schemaURI );
if( schemaURI != null ) {
logDebug( "CREATE SCHEMA FACTORY" );
// Create a Schema factory to obtain a Schema for XML validation...
SchemaFactory sFactory = SchemaFactory.newInstance( W3C_XML_SCHEMA );
sFactory.setResourceResolver( xmlResolver );
logDebug( "CREATE XSD INPUT SOURCE" );
String xsdFileURI = xmlResolver.resolveURI( schemaURI );
logDebug( "CREATE INPUT SOURCE XSD FROM: " + xsdFileURI );
InputSource xsd = new InputSource(
new FileInputStream( new File( new URI( xsdFileURI ) ) ) );
logDebug( "CREATE SCHEMA OBJECT FOR XSD" );
Schema schema = sFactory.newSchema( new SAXSource( xsd ) );
logDebug( "CREATE VALIDATOR FOR SCHEMA" );
Validator validator = schema.newValidator();
logDebug( "VALIDATE XML AGAINST XSD" );
validator.validate( xml );
}
logDebug( "READ XSL INPUT SOURCE" );
// Load an XSL template for transforming XML documents.
InputSource xslInput = new InputSource( new InputStreamReader(
new FileInputStream( args[0] ) ) );
logDebug( "PARSE XSL INTO DOCUMENT MODEL" );
Document xslDocument = builder.parse( xslInput );
transform( xmlDocument, xslDocument, resolver );
System.out.println();
}
private static void transform(
Document xml, Document xsl, CatalogResolver resolver ) throws Exception
{
if( versionAtLeast( xsl, 2 ) ) {
useXSLT2Transformer();
}
logDebug( "CREATE TRANSFORMER FACTORY" );
// Create the transformer used for the document.
TransformerFactory tFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
tFactory.setURIResolver( resolver );
logDebug( "CREATE TRANSFORMER FROM XSL" );
Transformer transformer = tFactory.newTransformer( new DOMSource( xsl ) );
logDebug( "CREATE RESULT OUTPUT STREAM" );
// This enables writing the results to standard output.
Result out = new StreamResult( new OutputStreamWriter( System.out ) );
logDebug( "TRANSFORM THE XML AND WRITE TO STDOUT" );
// Transform the document using a given stylesheet.
transformer.transform( new DOMSource( xml ), out );
}
/**
* Answers whether the given XSL document version is greater than or
* equal to the given required version number.
*
* @param xsl The XSL document to check for version compatibility.
* @param version The version number to compare against.
*
* @return true iff the XSL document version is greater than or equal
* to the version parameter.
*/
private static boolean versionAtLeast( Document xsl, float version ) {
Element root = xsl.getDocumentElement();
float docVersion = Float.parseFloat( root.getAttribute( "version" ) );
return docVersion >= version;
}
/**
* Enables Saxon9's XSLT2 transformer for XSLT2 files.
*/
private static void useXSLT2Transformer() {
System.setProperty("javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory",
"net.sf.saxon.TransformerFactoryImpl");
}
/**
* Creates an XMLCatalogResolver based on the file names found in
* the given CatalogResolver. The resulting XMLCatalogResolver will
* contain the absolute path to all the files known to the given
* CatalogResolver.
*
* @param resolver The CatalogResolver to examine for catalog file names.
* @return An XMLCatalogResolver instance with the same number of catalog
* files as found in the given CatalogResolver.
*/
private static XMLCatalogResolver createXMLCatalogResolver(
CatalogResolver resolver ) {
int index = 0;
List files = resolver.getCatalog().getCatalogManager().getCatalogFiles();
String catalogs[] = new String[ files.size() ];
XMLCatalogResolver xmlResolver = new XMLCatalogResolver();
for( Object file : files ) {
catalogs[ index ] = (new File( file.toString() )).getAbsolutePath();
index++;
}
xmlResolver.setCatalogList( catalogs );
return xmlResolver;
}
private static String[] parseNameValue( String nv ) {
Pattern p = Pattern.compile( "\\s*(\\w+)=\"([^\"]*)\"\\s*" );
Matcher m = p.matcher( nv );
String result[] = new String[2];
if( m.find() ) {
result[0] = m.group(1);
result[1] = m.group(2);
}
return result;
}
/**
* Retrieves the XML schema definition using an XSD.
*
* @param node The document (or child node) to traverse seeking processing
* instruction nodes.
* @return null if no XSD is present in the XML document.
* @throws IOException Never thrown (uses StringReader).
*/
private static String getSchemaURI( Node node ) throws IOException {
String result = null;
if( node.getNodeType() == Node.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE ) {
ProcessingInstruction pi = (ProcessingInstruction)node;
logDebug( "NODE IS PROCESSING INSTRUCTION" );
if( "xml-model".equals( pi.getNodeName() ) ) {
logDebug( "PI IS XML MODEL" );
// Hack to get the attributes.
String data = pi.getData();
if( data != null ) {
final String attributes[] = pi.getData().trim().split( "\\s+" );
String type = parseNameValue( attributes[0] )[1];
String href = parseNameValue( attributes[1] )[1];
// TODO: Schema should = http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema
//String schema = attributes.getNamedItem( "schematypens" );
if( "application/xml".equalsIgnoreCase( type ) && href != null ) {
result = href;
}
}
}
}
else {
// Try to get the schema type information.
NamedNodeMap attrs = node.getAttributes();
if( attrs != null ) {
// TypeInfo.toString() returns values of the form:
// schemaLocation="uri schemaURI"
// The following loop extracts the schema URI.
for( int i = 0; i < attrs.getLength(); i++ ) {
Attr attribute = (Attr)attrs.item( i );
TypeInfo typeInfo = attribute.getSchemaTypeInfo();
String attr[] = parseNameValue( typeInfo.toString() );
if( "schemaLocation".equalsIgnoreCase( attr[0] ) ) {
result = attr[1].split( "\\s" )[1];
break;
}
}
}
// Look deeper for the schema URI.
if( result == null ) {
NodeList list = node.getChildNodes();
for( int i = 0; i < list.getLength(); i++ ) {
result = getSchemaURI( list.item( i ) );
if( result != null ) {
break;
}
}
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* Writes a message to standard output.
*/
private static void logDebug( String s ) {
System.out.println( s );
}
}
这是人类友好错误消息的代码；另存为./src/DocumentErrorHandler.java：
package src;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import org.xml.sax.ErrorHandler;
import org.xml.sax.SAXParseException;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
/**
* Handles error messages during parsing and validating XML documents.
*/
public class DocumentErrorHandler implements ErrorHandler {
private final static PrintStream OUTSTREAM = System.err;
private void log( String type, SAXParseException e ) {
OUTSTREAM.println( "SAX PARSE EXCEPTION " + type );
OUTSTREAM.println( " Public ID: " + e.getPublicId() );
OUTSTREAM.println( " System ID: " + e.getSystemId() );
OUTSTREAM.println( " Line : " + e.getLineNumber() );
OUTSTREAM.println( " Column : " + e.getColumnNumber() );
OUTSTREAM.println( " Message : " + e.getMessage() );
}
@Override
public void error( SAXParseException e ) throws SAXException {
log( "ERROR", e );
}
@Override
public void fatalError( SAXParseException e ) throws SAXException {
log( "FATAL ERROR", e );
}
@Override
public void warning( SAXParseException e ) throws SAXException {
log( "WARNING", e );
}
}
另存为./catalog.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE catalog PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD XML Catalogs V1.1//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/entity/release/1.1/catalog.dtd">
<catalog xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog">
<!-- XSDs linked through primary catalog -->
<!-- catalog entry for good-note1.xml -->
<rewriteSystem
systemIdStartString="http://stackoverflow.com/schema"
rewritePrefix="./ArbitraryFolder/schemas"
/>
<!-- catalog entry for good-note2.xml, good-note3.xml, bad-note1.xml, bad-note2.xml -->
<rewriteURI
uriStartString="http://stackoverflow.com/2014/09/xsd"
rewritePrefix="./ArbitraryFolder/schemas"
/>
<!-- add a second catalog as a further test:
XSL will be resolved through it -->
<nextCatalog
catalog="./ArbitraryFolder/catalog.xml"
/>
</catalog>
不同的测试用例包括在处理指令或根节点中引用的XSD。
可以使用xml-model处理指令（PI）提供模式。另存为./Tests/good-notes2.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- Associating Schemas with XML documents: http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-model/ -->
<?xml-model type="application/xml" href="http://stackoverflow.com/2014/09/xsd/notes/notes.xsd"?>
<note>
<title>Shopping List</title>
<date>2014-08-30</date>
<body>headlight fluid, flamgrabblit, exhaust coil</body>
</note>
可以在文档的根节点的属性中提供模式。另存为./Tests/good-notes3.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- XML Schema Part 1: Structures:
Schema-Related Markup in Documents Being Validated:
http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/#Instance_Document_Constructions -->
<note
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://stackoverflow.com http://stackoverflow.com/2014/09/xsd/notes/notes.xsd">
<title>Shopping List</title>
<date>2014-08-30</date>
<body>Eggs, Milk, Carrots</body>
</note>
以下内容应通过验证（日期需要连字符）；另存为./Tests/bad-note1.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- Associating Schemas with XML documents: http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-model/ -->
<?xml-model type="application/xml" href="http://stackoverflow.com/2014/09/xsd/notes/notes.xsd"?>
<!-- FAILS SCHEMA: date is not valid; should use hyphens -->
<note>
<title>Shopping List</title>
<date>20140830</date>
<body>headlight fluid, flamgrabblit, exhaust coil</body>
</note>
另存为./Tests/note-to-html.xsl：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
exclude-result-prefixes="xs"
version="2.0">
<!-- is in the second catalog (../ArbitraryFolder/catalog.xml) -->
<xsl:import href="http://stackoverflow.com/2014/09/xsl/notes/notes.xsl"/>
</xsl:stylesheet>
任意文件夹代表计算机上文件的路径，该文件可以位于文件系统上的任何位置。这些文件的位置可能会有所不同，例如在生产，开发和存储库之间可能会有所不同。
将此文件另存为./ArbitraryFolder/catalog.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE catalog PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD XML Catalogs V1.1//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/entity/release/1.1/catalog.dtd">
<catalog xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog">
<!-- catalog entry for all notes -->
<rewriteURI
uriStartString="http://stackoverflow.com/2014/09/xsl/"
rewritePrefix="./XSL/"/>
</catalog>
在此示例中，有两个用于转换注释的文件：notes.xsl和note-body.xsl。第一个包括第二个。
另存为./ArbitraryFolder/XSL/notes/notes.xsl：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
exclude-result-prefixes="xs"
version="2.0">
<!-- will not be in catalog (though it could be):
by convention, absolute path is assumed to be part of static file structure -->
<xsl:import href="note-body.xsl"/>
<xsl:template match="/">
<html>
<head>
<title>A Note</title>
</head>
<body>
<xsl:apply-templates/>
</body>
</html>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="note">
<div>
<xsl:apply-templates select="title, date, body"/>
</div>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="title">
<h1><xsl:value-of select="."/></h1>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="date">
<p class="date"><xsl:value-of select="."/></p>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
另存为./ArbitraryFolder/XSL/notes/note-body.xsl：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
exclude-result-prefixes="xs"
version="2.0">
<xsl:template match="body">
<p class="notebody"><xsl:value-of select="."/></p>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
所需的最后一个文件是模式。保存为./schemas/notes/notes.xsd：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xs:schema elementFormDefault="qualified" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<xs:element name="note">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="title" type="xs:token"/>
<xs:element name="date" type="xs:date"/>
<xs:element name="body" type="xs:string"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:schema>
本节详细介绍如何构建测试应用程序。
您将需要Saxon 9（用于XSLT2.0文档），Xerces，Xalan和Resolver API：
jaxen-1.1.6.jar
resolver.jar
saxon9he.jar
serializer.jar
xalan.jar
xercesImpl.jar
xml-apis.jar
xsltc.jar
另存为./build.sh：
#!/bin/bash
javac -d bin -cp .:lib/* src/TestXSD.java
另存为./run.sh：
#!/bin/bash
java -cp .:bin:lib/* src.TestXSD Tests/note-to-html.xsl $1
使用./build.sh编译代码。
运行使用：
./run.sh filename.xml
测试好记录是否通过验证：
./run.sh Tests/good-note2.xml
没有错误。
测试不良记录的日期未通过验证：
./run.sh Tests/bad-note1.xml
如预期的那样，这将产生所需的错误：
Exception in thread "main" org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; cvc-datatype-valid.1.2.1: '20140830' is not a valid value for 'date'.
at org.apache.xerces.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.createSAXParseException(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.error(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator$XSIErrorReporter.reportError(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.reportSchemaError(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.elementLocallyValidType(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.processElementContent(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.handleEndElement(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.endElement(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.jaxp.validation.DOMValidatorHelper.finishNode(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.jaxp.validation.DOMValidatorHelper.validate(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.jaxp.validation.DOMValidatorHelper.validate(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.jaxp.validation.ValidatorImpl.validate(Unknown Source)
at javax.xml.validation.Validator.validate(Validator.java:124)
at src.TestXSD.main(TestXSD.java:103)
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