我正在尝试构建一个游戏,该游戏使用箭头键左右移动船,并在按下空格键时发射子弹。当我按下空格键时,我的游戏崩溃了,并显示以下错误:Traceback(最近一次通话):
TypeError: add() argument after * must be a sequence, not Settings
这是我的代码:
class Settings():
"""A class to store all settings for Alien Invasion."""
def __init__(self):
"""Initialize the game's settings."""
# Screen settings
self.screen_width = 800
self.screen_height = 480
self.bg_color = (230, 230, 230)
# Ship settings
self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5
# Bullet settings
self.bullet_speed_factor = 1
self.bullet_width = 3
self.bullet_height = 15
self.bullet_color = 60, 60, 60
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Bullet(Sprite):
"""A class to manage bullets fired from the ship"""
def _init__(self, ai_settings, screen, ship):
"""Create a bullet object at the ship's current position."""
super(Bullet, self).__init__()
self.screen = screen
# Create a bullet rect at (0, 0) and then set correct position.
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, ai_settings.bullet_width, ai_settings.bullet_height)
self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx
self.rect.top = ship.rect.top
# Store the bullet's position as a decimal value.
self.y = float(self.rect.y)
self.color = ai_settings.bullet_color
self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor
def update(self):
"""Move the bullet up the screen"""
# Update the decimal position of the bullet.
self.y -= self.speed_factor
# Update the rect position.
self.rect.y = self.y
def draw_bullet(self):
"""Draw the bullet to the screen."""
pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect)
import sys
import pygame
from bullet import Bullet
def check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):
"""Respond to keypresses."""
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
# Create a new bullet and add it to the bullets group.
new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship)
bullets.add(new_bullet)
def check_keyup_events(event, ship):
"""Respind to key releases."""
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left = False
def check_events(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):
"""Respond to keypresses and mouse events."""
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
check_keyup_events(event, ship)
最后是主文件:
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Group
from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
import game_functions as gf
def run_game():
# Initialize pygame, settings, and screen object.
pygame.init()
ai_settings = Settings()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(
(ai_settings.screen_width, ai_settings.screen_height))
pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
# Make a ship.
ship = Ship(ai_settings, screen)
# Make a group to store bullets in.
bullets = Group()
# Start the main loop for the game.
while True:
# Watch the keyboard and mouse events.
gf.check_events(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
ship.update()
bullets.update()
gf.update_screen(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
run_game()
跟踪:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\martin\Desktop\python_work\alien_invasion\alien_invasion.py", line 30, in <module>
run_game()
File "C:\Users\martin\Desktop\python_work\alien_invasion\alien_invasion.py", line 25, in run_game
gf.check_events(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
File "C:\Users\martin\Desktop\python_work\alien_invasion\game_functions.py", line 33, in check_events
check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
File "C:\Users\martin\Desktop\python_work\alien_invasion\game_functions.py", line 15, in check_keydown_events
new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship)
File "C:\Users\martin\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pygame\sprite.py", line 124, in __init__
self.add(*groups)
File "C:\Users\martin\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pygame\sprite.py", line 142, in add
self.add(*group)
TypeError: add() argument after * must be a sequence, not Settings
是的,乔卡布(Jokab)是对的,您忘记了额外的下划线。但是,对于以后的实践,重要的是学习阅读Python TrackBack
。通常,您可以很好地了解问题所在。例如,将TrackBack
您粘贴到此处。Python首先告诉您它在运行时遇到问题run_game()
。因此python然后说在您的游戏运行函数中,调用该方法存在问题gf.check_events(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
。然后,它查看了您对bullet项目类的初始化,new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship
并且对此有问题。在下一行中,它给出了TypeError
。现在,尽管您可以弄清楚python在说什么TypeError
,这是一个可行的选择。但是仅通过查看它,您就可以确定将子弹对象添加到sprites组有问题。这意味着,如果我是你,我将在Bullet
班上开始搜索。并且肯定您的__init__
功能中有错别字。
如果您不学习如何阅读python TrackBack
,这还不是世界末日,但从长远来看,它将为您节省大量时间。
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