我有以下HTTPS服务器：
from flask import Flask, request, Response
from viberbot import Api
from viberbot.api.bot_configuration import BotConfiguration
from viberbot.api.messages import VideoMessage
from viberbot.api.messages.text_message import TextMessage
import logging
from viberbot.api.viber_requests import ViberConversationStartedRequest
from viberbot.api.viber_requests import ViberFailedRequest
from viberbot.api.viber_requests import ViberMessageRequest
from viberbot.api.viber_requests import ViberSubscribedRequest
from viberbot.api.viber_requests import ViberUnsubscribedRequest
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
app = Flask(__name__)
viber = Api(BotConfiguration(
name='PythonSampleBot',
avatar='http://www.clker.com/cliparts/3/m/v/Y/E/V/small-red-apple-hi.png',
auth_token='xxx-xxx-xxx'
))
@app.route('/', methods=['POST'])
def incoming():
logger.debug("received request. post data: {0}".format(request.get_data()))
# every viber message is signed, you can verify the signature using this method
if not viber.verify_signature(request.get_data(), request.headers.get('X-Viber-Content-Signature')):
return Response(status=403)
# this library supplies a simple way to receive a request object
viber_request = viber.parse_request(request.get_data())
if isinstance(viber_request, ViberMessageRequest):
message = viber_request.message
# lets echo back
viber.send_messages(viber_request.sender.id, [
message
])
elif isinstance(viber_request, ViberSubscribedRequest):
viber.send_messages(viber_request.get_user.id, [
TextMessage(text="thanks for subscribing!")
])
elif isinstance(viber_request, ViberFailedRequest):
logger.warn(
"client failed receiving message. failure: {0}".format(viber_request))
return Response(status=200)
def set_webhook(viber_bot):
viber_bot.set_webhook('https://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:4443')
logging.info("Web hook has been set")
if __name__ == "__main__":
context = ('certificate.pem', 'key.pem')
app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=4443, debug=True, ssl_context=context)
并尝试发送消息：
import json
import requests
webhook_url = 'https://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:4443'
data = {
"receiver": "xxx-xxx-xxx",
"type": "text",
"text": "Hello world!"
}
response = requests.post(
webhook_url, data=json.dumps(data),
headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
verify='E:\\Docs\\learn_py\\viberbot\\certificate.pem'
)
if response.status_code != 200:
raise ValueError(
'Request returned an error %s, the response is:\n%s'
% (response.status_code, response.text)
)
我收到403错误
ValueError：请求返回错误403，响应为：
更新：
403来自：
if not viber.verify_signature(request.get_data(), request.headers.get('X-Viber-Content-Signature')):
return Response(status=403)
您收到403错误的原因有两个。要模拟来自Viber的Webhook请求，必须发送X-Viber-Content-Signature标头。此外，此值还必须是使用auth令牌和webhook有效负载（如其API文档在Callbacks下所述）计算的SHA256哈希。
我相信您在这里有2个选择。如果您只想验证代码是否正确接收到网络钩子，则可以verify_signature()暂时将行注释掉。Viber（或任何Webhook源）不需要验证Webhook请求。通常，开发人员会假设像Viber提供的那样的库可以正确地测试其代码，因此通常无需再次测试其功能。您还可以考虑对函数进行模拟，因为在这种情况下这非常简单。
如果您真的想测试Viber的签名验证，那么您将需要实现我首先提到的两个原因。基本上，这是在测试Webhook发送代码中需要执行的操作。请注意，我仅在下面包括了您需要的新代码，请合并到其他测试代码中。
import json
import hmac
import hashlib
# Compute SHA256 hex digest signature using auth token and payload.
auth_token = 'xxx-xxx-xxx'
signature = hmac.new(
key=auth_token.encode('ascii'),
msg=data.encode('ascii'),
digestmod=hashlib.sha256
).hexdigest()
# Send test webhook request with computed signature in header.
response = requests.post(
webhook_url,
data=json.dumps(data),
headers={
'X-Viber-Content-Signature': signature,
'Content-Type': 'application/json'
},
verify='E:\\Docs\\learn_py\\viberbot\\certificate.pem'
)
请注意，@ tukan指出了viber-bot-python存储库中的_calculate_message_signature()函数，该函数显示了如何计算签名。
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